Processing-structure-property relationships in (TPE-E) nanocomposites Research Proposal

Processing-structure-property relationships in (TPE-E) nanocomposites - Research Proposal ExampleIwahori, Ishiwata and Ishikawa (2003) argue that an correspondence of the basic physical relationship in nano scale structural variables and micro scale properties of polymer nanocomposites is very substantial in this study. The beatment of polymer nanocomposites optimally exploitation carbon nanotube and carbon nano fibre requires full learning of the process structure property relationships. Aims of the Research The aim of the research is to develop improved materials properties in TPE-E nanocomposites using the touch structure property relationships. The research will develop the following objectives which will be investigated 1. To optimally disperse the nano fillers into the TPE-E via melt processing and reactive extrusion (Nanocomposite processing). 2. To develop a complete understanding of thee processing morphology properties in the nanocomposite system, most principal(pren ominal)ly the interplay between TPE-E nanophase domains and an engineered low and high aspect ratio nanofillers (morphology and properties) 3. To comprehensively determine the mechanical and electrical performance of these nanocomposites. Literature Review According to Kotsilkova (2005) and Dobrzai (2002), an overview of the synthesis and characterization methods of nanocomposite is important in clay layer orientation and its strewing in various nanocomposites. Many previous researches exact tried to relate the clay orientation to the enhancement of materials properties from a qualitative viewpoint. Quantitative studies are may be limited because of lack of techniques to quantitatively determine the three dimensional orientation of structures in nanocomposites. In one of the recent developed techniques of determining the three dimensional orientation, the effect of compatibilizer concentration upon the orientation and dispersion of structures in polyethylene nanocomposite films w as found to be thickness. An increase in concentration showed a corresponding subside in orientation of clay layer along the thickness of the film (Bevis 1999 Suprakas, Kazuaki & Masami 2003 Liu, Hoa & Pugh 2004). Other researchers have explored ship canal of using commercially available products to create new materials by synthesising TPE-E to register a wide ladder of property improvements. The TPE-E synthesis may comprise melt compounding and reactive extrusion using fundamental clays as nanofillers. Hybrid composition morphology within nanocomposites, when treated in various processes, demonstrates the maximum rove of properties of materials. The various methods of attaining a wide range of property enhancements are the organo clay nanofiller surface modification, additional processing parameter and the TPE-E hard and soft segment composition ratio together with the organ clay filler aspect. These material properties are governed by the manipulation of these variables and as sessing the sizes of intercalate molecules (Laird & Fleming 1999 Mani et al. 2005). Colbert and Smalley (2002) argue that many other studies have rivet on the microstructure processing and property relationships, which have helped in knowledge development and comprehensive understanding of these processes to develop more innovative products both for personal and commercial purposes. Hytrel products

Proposal to be a nursing home dministrator Thesis

To be a nursing home dministrator - Thesis final cause ExampleAs part of my experience then, I worked with Genesis Health Cargon System as a coordinator of their Medicare customers. During this time I was in charge of managing the assigned schedule of these customers, monitoring all the certifications forms in the facility among many other duties you that this course hire fully equipped me with the ability to manage a nursing facility very effectively while ensuring that all the patients together with their visitors are safe.I in any case have been working as a Nurse Supervisor in Baltimore with Manor care Dulaney in the year 2010 until now supervising all many activities in the pace and attending to several complaints that are brought forward by different customers. Therefore can just state that my purpose in requesting for the piazza is to serve people with most diligence and utmost commitment to my work given that I have effective communication skills. It is then my hope that this opportunity will be granted to me. Thank

Different types of service organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Different types of service organization - Essay modellingService factory includes operate that involve deplorable labour intensity and interaction. These demand huge gravid and are standardized. Airlines and motels are the examples of such services. Highly labour intensive services with low interaction gloaming under mass service. These require low capital and service is willd on a standard arse to all customers. Retail giants such as Walmart follow this formula. Service shops support high degree of customisation and low labour intensity. Hospitals take up this mode of service, by accruing advantage of abundant capital (Inman). Advocates, medical practitioners, engineers etc, who provide professional services, show high customer interaction and customization. They are labour intensive. The success of labour-intensive services depends on employee training and welfare (Lashley 245-251). Keeping abreast technology and sequencing delivery make capital-intensive services attractive . multitude service and service factory are differentiated by ambience, warmth and marketing strategies(Verma 121-123). Service quality, predisposition and responsiveness, coupled with cost-cutting guide highly interactive services.

The Wonder of Art by Pablo Picasso Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The call into question of Art by Pablo Picasso - Essay ExampleThe essay The Wonder of Art by Pablo Picasso investigates the creator of Cubism, Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso. As for his personal background, Picasso, Pablo (Ruiz y) (1881-1973) Spanish expatriate painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, cardinal of the greatest and most influential artists of the twentieth century and the creator (with Georges Braque) of Cubism. For nearly 80 of his 91 age Picasso devoted himself to an artistic production that contributed significantly to and paralleled the whole development of modern art in the 20th century. To observe the painting, it appears that Picasso used oil for this specific work, in that the color holds a different ocular presence than that of acrylic, or watercolor. The image is of a dwelling of some sort, that is located in a garden. This notification can not only be garnered through reading the title of Picassos work, but also flavour deep into t he canvas itself. By using different shades of atomic number 19, Picasso seeks to show the deep variations of lush squirt landscape that lie at bottom a garden. As for the house, that is alluded to by seeing the v-shaped building and the presence of another(prenominal) structure above it, with this one having a roof on top of it. The lines within the artwork argon curvy to show the distinct shape of the tree in the left hand side, the landscape downstairs and the shrubs surrounding the house. To signify the house, the lines ar to a greater extent restricted and concise to show the continuity. The shapes that are to been seen would be of green leaves.... The lighter bit of color in the top serves to show that the time of day would be dusk, pissed to sun down. The color of the sky is not burnished, but rather tempered down to where it is not bright blue, but also not blackened by the night sky as of yet. There are complimentary colors used throughout the piece of artwork. Thos e colors are dark/light greens, browns, as well as black and cremes. The use of two different types of greens, is meant to show the changing variation that occurs within the garden and those things that live in it. The same bodes true for the differing shades of brown seen in the tree. The creme is shown to intrust a glimpse of, not just the sky itself at dusk, but also the structures within the garden. The black is meant to give differentiation between the structure itself and the roof that sits on top of it. Its also added to give a wizard of shadowing to the domicile, further giving it dimension.The texture of the paint is applied in truth smoothly when it comes to showing the feast of the house, as well as what appears to be a fence below it. The paint application becomes more curved to show the shapes of the greenery surrounding the house and the tree inside the garden. The space of the work is very tightly held. The canvas is utilized completely by the artists rendering of a house that he byword within a garden. With size, the art looks to be used on a canvas that would have been roughly 16 inches x 20 inches in size. The placement of the house looks to be distorted in that its increase higher above the horizon line. This distortion is alluded to without seeing any form of ground below the structure itself. The emphasis is given to the richness of gardens and the things that reside

Neoclassical and Impressionism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

classic and Impressionism - Essay ExampleThe essay Neoclassical and Impressionism analyzes neoclassic artworks and artists of impressionism. Artists of this period defied some earlier artistic guidelines that entailed adhering to basic aspects meant to classify these images, but they kept the essence of world graphic in all their works. Consequently, this artistic period influenced diverse aspects besides innovations that marked its period and honored to date. Neoclassicism marked the onset of 19Th period movement that entailed strict adherence to austere linear radiation pattern in expressing ones ideas via artwork. Presently, numerous studies associate this period with architectural models, which by then involved, realistic drawing coupled with varied predetermined painting techniques. Therefore, the artists had to both apply and adhere to certain depict rules, which was contrary to the impressionism period. This is because the latter besides realistic painting, it required a rtists varied and imaginative skills to convey the required message. Neoclassical epoch up to date marks the most remarkable phase in the European history. This is because of its various(a) dynamic events, which characterized the period ranging from political to the empowerment of peoples economy in diverse ways. For illustration, legions and political unrest that characterized the era aggravated by influential states while in pursuit of annexing lesser regions to strength their economies. Hence, this yielded to heightened rate of colonization that influenced other states. like Portugal to develop interest in Africa and US. This is because colonies besides acting as a sign of political power they were principal source of industrial materials that boosted the states stinting stability. Besides, economic stability in this era augmented due to the peoples literacy rise and marketing innovations as trade competition heightened among the party states. Studies associate this period wit h

Final Exam questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Exam questions - appointment Example soft stake assessment however applies rationale to develop fixed values of factors to risk. Qualitative risk assessment method is the most suitable for homeland security. This is because of its diversified advantages, over the quantitative method, that meets the cranial orbit of Homeland securitys need for fast and accurate reactions. The advantages include simple analysis and results that facilitates do detection and response to risks (Landon, 2011).Risk management refers to a strategic process of managing probability of loss that is associated with a peril. Risk management strategies involve identification of involved risk, followed by its analysis that culminates to mitigation. The strategies are avoidance, reduction, and transfer (Akitonye, and Beck, 2009, p. 245).The 3 major threats facing the United States today are terrorism, natural disasters, and cyber crime. Terrorism is however the greatest of these threats because of its wit ness and its political aspects. Being caused by human beings means that it can happen any time and its risk is enhanced by the United States international positions as a world power. The nations fellowship in international wars, especially in the Middle East also identifies significance of the threat.The relationship amidst risk, critical assets, threats, vulnerability, and consequences is that risk is a factor of critical assets, threats, and vulnerability, and its occurrence leads to adverse consequences. Risk defines exposure to a peril or potential peril. Critical assets define those assets that are instrumental to attainment of an objective time threats define phenomena that induce unpleasant effects. Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility to a threat and consequences define the results of manifestation of a threat. The presence of critical assets, threats, and vulnerability integrates to

Building evaluation for property Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Building military rating for property - Assignment ExampleAfter the establishment and development of the housing schemes, then comes a major(ip) process of its sustainability and maintenance works. To understand and improve the lifespan of these houses we must look into the shortcomings and their causes which affect the quality of these structures. then we have to resolve these faults using alternative construction methods or usage of substitute materials. The majority of the problems egest in two phases of the constructions of the facilities which atomic number 18 the planning or design phase and the other is faulty construction. 1.2 harsh residential building faults and causes According to the research made by Building Research Establishment(BRE) and in its cut across suggested the major faults which occur in the describe building elements. The top louvre places of faults in the structure are external walls with a fault attribution percentage of 20%, second comes the Roofs with 19%, then windows and doors contributes 13% of the faults, then floors 11% and services 9%. Where as Sub-structure, Planning and layout and Internal partitions come down the list. later(prenominal) according to same BRE Advisory Service (Trotman P) and based on its informationbase of building defects its came to a conclusion that the five major building faults are Rain penetration with a magnitude of 22%, then comes muscular contraction with 17%, Cracking 16%, Detachment 13% and lastly Entrapped water supply with 6%. Whereas Flooring, Appearance/ filth/surface defects and Rising damp are overly included in the list. All the above data is being collected and analyzed by the building research establishment and the ministry of housing of Australian government. 1.3 Solutions to the major issues As mentioned earlier that the issues arise by certain processes and at particular points in the structure, mentioned as the key building elements. Now any approach to remedy these issue s would be directly in accordance with the workings and durability of these key building elements. As mentioned before the worst process that damages the building is the water or rain penetration, now the source can be any place where water gathers these areas primarily includes Roof, buried/concealed pipes, external walls, windows, bathrooms, kitchens and many other places( common drains, underground drains, etc). This discussion will also cover the entrapment of water as well, which is also considered to be a defect of large impact. The next bottom is the solution of the problem, which can be done by mainly two activities prevention from water escapism and effective drainage system. The first element we will cover is the roof, where firstly drainage is of vital wideness which must be acquired by good workman ship in which a suitable slope must be provided, appropriate type and adequate thickness of waterproofing material, overlapping of material at joints, upturn from boundary walls and downturn towards the drains. Then comes the next key element the external wall where the source of defect are at sleeves, deep cracks, honey comb, holes due to sub standard concrete and faulty construction. Where as the solutions are filling the cracks with chemical injections and replacing with new water proofing mortar where unavoidable. Whereas the special paints and weather proofing

The Essentiality of Open-Minded Discourse by Christine Smith Essay

The Essentiality of broad-minded Discourse by Christine Smith - Essay ExampleI would first raise this issue in the class proveing the form of the letters arguments and, next, with the letters author, my friend. I would because reflect on whether I and so practice the principles of leeway that I preach to others.My initial response to the letter in question and the particular discussion in my class characterizing the letter as an example of bad argumentation would be to acknowledge that, yes, the letter presents untried and imprudent arguments against homosexuality. To do other flip would ignore the obvious. I would then attempt to prevent the class from estimating the role of my friend from the quality of his arguments, as a good person can have misguided opinions and compel flawed arguments. And, equally abhorrent to arguments based on biases and prejudices is passing notion on a person before taking the time to understand his or her many facets.Indeed, it is precisely this sentiment that I would then carry to my friend, the author of the letter. Since he is my friend, and has been for quite some time, I naturally care about him, his feelings, his percept of the world, and others perceptions of him. I would advise him that, regardless of his personal opinion of homosexuality, his regularity of presenting his views was harsh and injudicious, passing rash judgment on homosexuals and on those readers who do not agree with his perspective. I would endeavor to be understanding and forbearing with my friend, attempting to convey to him the benefit of healthy discourse rather than mere blind contentions about controversial issues.Finally, by and by having discussed with my classmates and with my friend the advantages of healthy argument and open-mindedness, I would spend some time quietly and sincerely reflecting on whether I practice those qualities myself. I would like to think that I am tolerant and nonjudgmental, and that I was indeed in a moral posit ion to discuss the value of forbearance and open discourse. To be sure, I would re-read my friends letter, evaluate my initial reaction to it, ponder on whether and how I would write it differently if I entangle the need to express my opinion on the subject of homosexuality, and consider whether the entire incident had changed my feelings for my friend or for my classmates. It is through this type of self-reflective process that I can be satisfied that my response to my friends letter was honest.In sum, one cannot minimize the importance of open dialogue to flesh out the many perspectives our society maintains. more or less arguments are better presented than others and, by definition, no ones opinion, though perhaps misguided, can be wrong. Indeed, critical to wise discourse is the ability to express ones opinions and listen to those of others openly and without bias. With hope, then, maybe one person who would otherwise belligerently convey preconceived, negative and baseless o pinions will reflect and, instead, embrace a wise and healthy method of expression.Topic OutlineI.IntroductionA.Acceptance and tolerance lead to healthier expression and debateB.First, discuss the form of the letters arguments with classmatesC.Second, discuss the form of the letters arguments with friendD.Third, reflect on whether I am tolerant and

Customization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Customization - Assignment ExampleFrom this study ity is clear that wait on industry occupies an important position in the economy of the developing as well as the create nations. Several studies related to the hospitality industry suggest that the gap between the guest expectation and customer perception can be closed by implementing new innovation in the tone of utility. closely of the operating systems available in the travel, tourism and hospitality sector set about a direct and adjacent impact on the customer. The operations functions of hospitality sector include timely process, quality products and extremely devout behaviour with customers. The service design and slant of hospitality sector is broadly classified into standardization and customization of services. In the contemporary era, customization of products and services are highly valued by customers. In order to enhance the quality of service in hospitality sector, it is essential that customer judgments, out comes, actors line and customer panels are given importance. fit marketing of brand is very important regarding hospitality sector. From this paper it is clear that the customers prefer to visit places that have high quality brand image as well as reputation in the hospitality market. The existing customer-base of hospitality sectors expects standardized quality regarding products and services. But, the consumers in the modern and contemporary era expect customized service design and service delivery process. This essay will argue for customized service design and service delivery processes are more demanding comparing to the standardized process. With respect to commercial hospitality, it is important that both standardization and customization factors of service design and delivery are enhanced. Travel, tourism and hospitality have several implications towards the management of operations. For standardizing design and delivery of hospitality services, the key factor is to delive r on the promise made to customers.

Is there a public sphere online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Is in that respect a public area online - Essay Examplentensive discussion about the role of the Internet in Habermas schema of the public airfield was launched in the early 1990s and continues up to now. The emergence and rapid teaching of the electronic mass media has seriously influenced the public sphere. Some of the changes that have occurred to the public sphere make many contemporary scholars question the applicability of this design to the cyberspace. This study intends to identify the most critical limitations of the original Habermasian construct and point out the complexity and huge implications of the public sphere approach for the cyberspace.Habermas introduced the concept of the public sphere in his book, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois companionship published in 1962. Through the book, Habermas provides a detailed historical and sociological account of what he called the conservative public sphere. The German term ffentlichkeit (Public Sphere) the sociologist used in the original variant of his book encapsulates a wide range of different meanings, but in its essence the public sphere is a spacial concept that relates to the sociable sites or scenes where people create, distribute, and negotiate meanings which ultimately transform into public opinion.Habermas (1989) describes the public sphere as a network for communicating information and points of view (p.15). However, Negt and Kluge (1993) better reflect the essence of this concept in the following definition The public sphere denotes specific institutions, agencies, practices however, it is also a general social horizon of experience in which everything that is actually or seemingly relevant for all members of society is integrated. understood in the sense, the public sphere is a matter for a handful of professionals (e.g., politicians, editors, union officials) on the whiz hand, but, on the other, it is something that conce rns everyone and that realises itself only in

Elements of National Interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elements of National Interest - Essay Example advocator refers to the ability to directly or indirectly determine the attitude and behavior of people either volitionally or by coercion to get the desired end result. The principle of power is another key the Statesn principle that has significantly influenced the American foreign policy strategies (Jentleson, 17). On the other hand, the principle of public security measures is important particularly with regard to the fact that peaceful coexistence enables inter discipline institutionalism and economic interdependence between countries. largely Peace can be defined as a state of harmony that exists when there is no violence, hostility and aggression. It takes into consideration inter boundary relations among countries A wide practice is the current European yoke which has thrived on both the principles of power, prosperity and peace. It is the interaction of these principles that are embedded in Americas national interest. Am ericas power and show of might in protecting its citizen against aggression and plunder by use of nuclear weapon is aimed at ensuring peaceful co existence of its citizens and the neighboring countries. The elements of national interest emanate from the fact that those who direct power, be they leaders or politicians play a essential role in the development of the country and its prosperity. Throughout the history both during the cold war plosive (1945-1990) as well as in the present times, many of the aspects of the US foreign policy strategies have occasionally come into conflict with the 4Ps as well as with one another. A good example of a contradiction between the principles and the US national interests during the cold war period was the Arms racecourse between the unify States and the Soviet Union. At the heart of the cold war were the ideological differences between America and its allies and the Soviet Union and its aligned countries. For example the Western bloc lead b y the United States believed in capitalism, democracy, freedom and liberty while the Eastern bloc lead by the Soviet Union championed Communism and greater state control of politics and economics of their countries. The cold war resulted into a good military and political tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and allies. The conflict between the US foreign policy strategies and its national interests during the cold was that while the stock piling more weapons including nuclear weapons was good for the security interests of the nation, it proved to be costly and resulted in an economic back lash that significantly bear upon the principle of prosperity. The major pot of that the leaders of the United States had to make during conflict of their principles of prosperity and national security interests was to compromise their economic prosperity for the sake of national security interests. Despite the cost, the US continued to be involved in the arms race with the So viet Union and its allies. It also attempted to expand its influence to counter communism through regime changes in the Soviet aligned countries and this particularly proved to be politically and economically expensive as was evidenced by the Viet Nam war, Korean War and the Gulf war. on the whole these wars proved to be costly and contradicted the principles of prosperity but the leaders chose to trade off the economic costs with the need to achieve more influence and power in the global affairs. The positive consequence of the trade offs in this regard was the fact that America achieved power and more influence in the

Energy Efficient Middleware for Networking Protocols Essay

Energy Efficient Middleware for Networking Protocols - Essay ExampleThis is to do with low-power flesh in all layers of the radio set network protocol. With integration of new technology with time, the modern infrastructure calls for efficacious measures in the field of Network Protocols. The published work is critical in ascertaining the relevance of radio set go expansion in cellular voice personal communication services (PCS), mobile data and wireless LANs. The authors to this work are researchers with extinguished experience in technology advancement. Christine E. Jones is an expert in Computer recognition with a Masters in Computer scientific discipline form Washington State Universty, Pulliman. She currently working with BBN technologies in Cambridge doing extensive research computing and application in mobile and networking. Krishna M. Sivalingam is a computer scientist with a PhD. and Msc. Degrees from Staten University of New York at Buffalo. He has extensive researc h work in Electrical and Computer Science that has gave him interest in wireless network, optical wavelength division multiplexed networks and performance evaluation. He has published and edited a number of works inclusive of optical WDM networks in 2000. His extensive work has been recognised by acquire patents in wireless networks- 3 patents and several papers including 18 journal publications. Prathima Agrawal is an extinguished scholar and is the Vice-president of the meshwork Architecture Research Laboratory and Executive Director of the Computer Network in Research phylogeny at Telcordia Technologies. She heads research studies and has been involved with ITUSMO joint research which is a third generation wireless adit system research between Telcordia and Toshiba Corp. Her major research interests fall in computer networks, mobile and wireless computing and communication system and parallel process. She has over 150paper publications and received or applied for over 50 pate nts. Jyn Cheng Chen is a computer and electrical engineer academician. He has been a research scientist since 1998 in employ Research at Telcordia technologies. He has participated in ITSUMO as a senior architect and implementer working on QoS for mobile and wireless IP networks, IP-based station design, SIP-based mobility management and multimedia applications. He has also researched on zilch efficient MAC protocols for wireless ATM networks at AT&T Labs and Whippany, NJ. The review of Research below Consideration The survey for energy efficient network protocols for wireless networks has been sought after and compiled with respect to a rich source of references. The study incorporates the works of notable researchers and scientists with respect to network protocols and wireless networking. With increased hire of mobile networking, there greater need for qualification in energy consumption owing to the complexity of the shortage and aftermath of energy use. The effective work s cited in this study include Agrwal et al. (1998) and (1996) that clearly bring up the mobile power efficiency in video processing and mobile radio systems respectively. Energy efficiency is critical to enhance data passage and storage therefore, improving the reliability in transportation and cave in off is greatly influenced by the energy consumption, availability and reliability. Balakrishnam et al. (1995) Feeney (1999a,b) Gordon et al. (1996) among others has well been used to illustrate this. The use of

9.1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

9.1 - Coursework Example historical paintings are mostly affiliated with antique finis, religion, political practices and modes of leadership in the old-fashioned society. In this case, the accumulator is a political person as he or she has a collection of famous ancient political leaders. The portraits also include a painting that shows slavery and a collection of ancient cash together with sea ornaments. This aspect presents the collectors love for trade. Therefore, the collector is also an economist who has a passion for culture and the ancient mode of trade. The collector is religious as he or she has a collection of ancient religious art that shows the birth of Christ and how he was presented to the Jewish society.Ancient portraits are considered to be esteemed and expensive to acquire. Due to this notion, ancient portraits have impacted to the development in value of the immature art. many an(prenominal) painters are motivated by the value of their work as modern art is not that a form of expression but also a source of income. The advancement in applied science has led to the introduction of new technique, material and modes of painting (Tonge 72). The use of modern painting machines such as Perspex and timers on canvas have made painting easier and practical thus the technique can be learned unlike in the ancient art where painting was confined to the talented people. In this case, the new art is more clear and comprehensible compared to ancient art (Tonge 77). Modern art is advanced as it reflects on the artists perspectives and expressions unlike the ancient art which was conformed and impressionable to specific

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

Taxation - Essay ExampleLastly, for individual(a)s, the taxation of savings affects the decision on savings and when to allocate their pluss. This clay of taxation has a lot of impacts to the communities involved and has numerous recommendations.Generally, the whole issue is fastened on peoples general saving behavior. Ein truth time a taxation system surfaces people tend to adjust their saving behaviors. This is just normal because taxes play an important role is asset finance. Widely, we tend to preserve less when our incomes are low and needs are high (Buguignon 2005, 39). Therefore to save one cannot rely on an income to save. We save or run down our existing wealth when the tot for consumption differs from the amount of income they receive in a particular time period.The present paper addresses scarcely these issues and suggests a normative framework to analyze tax policy in which social preferences are concern by individual utilities instead of the ambiguous concept of household welfare. Individual level info are rare and even more difficult is the measure of individual welfare so that we remedy to the use of a structural multi-utility model with minimalist assumptions regarding preferences. Moreover, social evaluation of welfare - at individual or household level requires the formal framework of the optimal taxation theory. This way, the paper suggests one of the very first attempts to reconcile two branches of the economic literature which are usually dissociated. On the one hand, we make headway from the collective model of labor supply (Chiappori, 1988, 12) which acknowledges explicitly the presence in the household of several deciders whose preferences may differ. The decision making process - the incentive constraint of the social planner - relies on the sole surmisal that household decisions are Pareto-efficient. This setting allows

Philosophy take home final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy take home final - Essay ExampleAccording to the law of nature, all action has an opposite reaction and an evil action done by a person is returned keep going to him with all its power and strength. A hassle caused to others postulates un mirth to them and the same feeling is directed back to the pain giver. According to Kant the people who are unethical and immoralist does not have the right to be happy. According to Kant, happiness is a state where there is enjoyment in life and there is continuous contentment and enjoyment in ones own existence. According to him a person can qualify to be happy if he has followed the universal law of goodwill. 2.How are fatalism, hard determinism, and preordination different ? Some may use these terms synonymously however there are important distinctions for the philosopher. What are they? Fatalism is a ism where all the actions and events are subjugated to fate. Whereas, hard determinism is the stronger version of determinism w here one person believes ardently in impeccant will and give importance to cause and effect. Here the random elements of Universe are disregarded. On the other hand, predestination is a theological theory which asserts that all actions and events are happening according to the will of the God. ... For a philosopher fate is something already determined by our past action, hard determinism is the quality of a person and predestination is the act of God. Hence these three concepts cannot be related philosophically. 3.Major differences exist between Aristotelian and Kantian ethics. hash out the views on morality of two these philosophers and highlight those areas that are constitute the main points of disagreement. Do some of the problems with Kants vapid imperative which Solomon mentions strengthen the arguments of the relativists ? Morality is proper behavior and action by a person and Aristotle and Kant both have different thought about morality. According to Aristotle, the peopl e who do actions with an aim to achieve worthiness can be termed as a moralistic person. He believes that money, honor, wealth or pleasure cannot bring happiness to human kind. It is the combination of all brings happiness. According to him proper genuine virtue and hunger for feast goodness and welfare among men is the real morality. On the other hand, Kant believes that morality of a person is base on rationality. According to Kant, a man has a reasoning ability and he understands his duty which is to do good human kind. Hence one acting upon his duty and universal law of goodness is a moral person. Some main points of disagreement of Aristotle and Kant is that the former believes an action which is good and desirable itself is moralistic and last mentioned describes morality in a universal perspective as which is categorically imperative to a human. unless Aristotle explains that good action gives the feel of happiness and this is morality while Kant believes that good will is good because it by nature itself is good and hence is morale. Solomons statement does

The Gathering Essay Example for Free

The Gathering EssayThis strain is an analysis of the novel The Gathering by Isobelle Carmody. The novel is ab protrude good and corruptive, inner struggle, human nature, form and individuality, friendship and cooperation. The main group character is Nathanial and he is in a teenager group, called The Chain. The concourse in the group are Nathanial, Nissa, Lallie, solidifying, Danny and Indian. Nathanial is a new boy to the school because he and his produce cod been moving frequently since his parents were divorced. Their house is in the seaside town of Cheshunt, but Nathanial doesnt like it because it sits in the towns bitter wind and abattoir stench, as the primary reasons. This essay will wrangle how Isobelle Carcomdy successfully constructs Nathanial to represent a marginalised teenager who the reader feels sympathy for. Nathanial is 15 geezerhood old. He and his m early(a) move to Cheshunt and he goes to the Three North School, where it is the most evil things were has taken place. He likes The Chain segment Nissa.He is trying to find the idea of fighting the darkness and The Circle are praising witchery however he feels so isolated and lonely in the new school he is golden to join. Nissa, she is hardened and guarded wild orphan girl because her heart broken as a materialisation girl of her desirable mothers many boyfriends, she become claim to be in erotic love with her and then rejected and humiliate her, on scalawag 182 she said I made a commit to myself then, that Id never love anyone again. Not like that. From then on, I relied on cipher and took care of myself. She get viciously and emotionally damaged and never let anybody remotely attached to her.In the story she is the sword of the strength. Frank, his name is Indian, he is a young man with a pony tail, page 158 he said I dont fight back because I deserve to be hurt. It is because of Jenny. Thats my punishment. Before he bears over the brain damage his younger sister many ye ars ago, so he is the bowl of healing. Seth, he is the least central member of the Chain he is a hopeless alcoholic and emotionally weak in chapter 18 he is unrequitedly in love with Nissa, he is attempts to commit suicide, he is the eye seeks.Seths father is the head of the Cheshunt Police Division and reports to Mr. Karle. Seth is not the same side and the power with his father and join the Dark but at the terminal minute redeems himself and forgiveness of the chain. To conclude, this essay has discussed Isobelle Carmody is a person who wrote the reality war, it set the time and place are real in the novel it discussed what is good and evil, like Nathanial he make this character successful because it brings out when he moved to another new place and have a good start with evil versus good but he never give up and try to learn many things with other people.

Habitat for Elephants Essay Example for Free

habitat for Elephants EssayAfter observing the camelopard break, my partner Nan Chen and I decided to make our way to observe the Janice Suber McNair Asian Elephant Habitat which was built in 2008 an parade, home to seven different elephants, both young and old. The exhibit is home to s come uped bull Siamese, adult cows Methai, Shanti, and Tess, juvenile bull Tucker (Tess son), and calves Baylor (Shantis son) and Tupelo (Tess daughter). Janice Suber McNair Asian Elephant Habitat exhibit covers an enormous three acres, provides many amenities to its residents the elephants. THE amenities include an eighty thousand gallon pussycat as well as a seven thousand squ ar foot elephant barn where the elephants be given daily public baths. I think that the zoo management has done a truly spectacular job in bringing some elephant cultural behavior to the zoo. According to the Houston Zoo, Since adult males and females give out apart in the wild, youll see the same living arrang ement here at the Zoo our females are in one yard with their calves, while our older male, Thai, and younger Tucker enjoy space to themselves. besides the landscaping of trees, natural reveales and varied elevated terrain create a wonderful environment for the elephants and the open radiation pattern and viewing areas provide an enhanced guest experience as well. We were also lucky to observe the elephants jerk off bathed in the barn where a Houston local news anchor also happened to be there. We first discovered the oldest elephant Thai get bathed and he quite enjoyed it. He was also used to the bathing procedure as he knew how to turn as well as which foot to lift to wash. During this process we got to view the elephants bathe. The zoo keepers scrubbed off the elephant with soap as well as water. All of the elephants were confined into separate caged cabins, and the elephants were getting bathed one at a time. The elephant in the first cage was bathed first, I believe his nam e was Thai and I believe behind him were Tess and Tupelo. Since Thai was getting all the at bunkance, Tess behind him was getting mad and she was bang her head on to Thais cage crying for attention.The one thing I sight that the zookeepers were not doing much to calm and play with Tess. She banged her head several times which may behave hurt her after some times. I felt like the zoo keepers should have paid some attention to Tess especially since the public was watching and that a lot of the visitors including myself were video recording this incident. It is a proven feature that elephants can live in nearly any habitat that has adequate quantities of food and water.Their ideal habitat consists of plentiful buy at. At the Houston Zoo in the elephant exhibit I did not see plentiful grass. The elephants trunk serves as a nose, hand, extra foot, signaling device and tool for gathering food, siphoning water, dusting, and digging. To tend to these characteristics of the elephant t he Zoo was successful in providing dust, water and a muddy ground for digging. I think the zoo can improve on the direct interaction between the elephants and the visitors at the zoo. They can give a supervised interaction with the elephants. The visitors can possibly feed them or offer them peanut or maybe the visitors can also bath the magnificent and adorable elephants.After a lot of research I found that the best manmade elephant habitat can be found at the famous Cincinnati Zoo. Since they adjust their exhibit to cater the involve of each and every species or kind of elephants they recognize the fact that the Asian and the African elephants have lived in two different environments. The African elephants are naturally used to dry grass lands and savannahs, however the Asian and elephants are used to in the jungle, but generally on the edge where open, grass-covered areas are accessible. They prefer areas that combine grass, low woody plants, and forest. This is something I di d not see in the Houston Zoo. I think if the exhibit is true to the natural elephant habitat the environment provide be friendlier and the Elephants will not have the need to adapt as much into the zoo.I believe that an ideal habitat for the elephants should have no virtually no visible barriers between you and the animals, this habitat puts you right in the thick of things. overly the habitat should serve as an exhibit hub, offering opportunities to understand and appreciate the diverse array of Elephants and their complicated relationships with human populations. And Last but not least there should be a visual in which the concept of loss of habitat, the main reason why several Elephant species are being extinct, should be portrayed.This will allow the visitors to reflect back on to their role in the world to preserve the endangered species. In conclusion, I believe that the Janice Suber McNair Asian Elephant Habitat at the Houston zoo does not cater to the natural needs of the elephants. Since the McNair Exhibit is tries to create a universal habitat for all the elephants that reside there. The Zoo does not take a crap the fact that they have elephants that come from different parts of the world, and are used to different habitats as well as climates. The Houston zoo should observe the true habitat of the elephants as well as observe former(a) exhibits and recreate the exhibit.

Aunt Jennifers Tiger Essay Example for Free

Aunt Jennifers Tiger EssayAunt Jennifers tigers is a poem by Adrienne Rich illustrating her feminist concerns. In the male dominant world, a women of her time was only supposed to be a dutiful homemaker. This poem through the world of Aunty Jennifer, tells us ab aside her inner thirst to free herself from the clutches of abusive marriage and patriarchal society. Poem Summary The first stanza opens with Aunt Jennifers visual tapestry of tigers who are fearless of their environment. Bright topaz1 denizens2 of a world of green evoke an envision that these regal tigers are unafraid of other beings in the jungle. Bright here signifies their powerful and radiant persona. on that point is a sense of certainty and confidence in the way these tigers move as can be seen in the air They pace in sleek chivalric3 certainty. In the second stanza, the reality of Aunt Jennifer is revealed as she is feeble, weak and enslaved, very much the opposite of the tigers she was knitting. Her physic al and mental trauma is depicted in the line find even the ivory needle hard to pull.Even though a wedding parry doesnt weigh much, the massive weight of uncles wedding band, sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifers mitt signifies the amount of dominance her husband exercised over her. This also means that her inner free spirit has been wrapped by the patriarchal society4. The last stanza starts on a creepy note about Aunt Jennifers death. Even her death couldnt free her from the ordeals she went through which can be seen in When Aunt is dead, her affright hands will lie still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.While driving from her parents home to Cochin, she notices her mother sitting beside her dozing, her face pale like a dead body and her thoughts off the beaten track(predicate) away. This reminds her painfully that her mother is old and could pass away leaving her alone.Putting that thought aside she looked out at the young trees speeding by and children running out of the ir homes happily to play. These remind her probably of spring chicken and life, her own younger days and her mother when she was young.But after the security check at the airport, flavor back at her mother standing a few yards away, she finds her looking pale like the winter moon. She feels that familiar pain and childhood fear of the thought of losing her mother and of being lonely just as she had been when she was young because she was different from other children. She could only keep smiling and tell her see you soon subtile full well that she might not see her.

Transantional Media Essay Example for Free

Transantional Media Essay incomingThe media has tactical manoeuvreed a truly crucial role in the transformation of people, their culture and lifestyles mankind everywhere. The media itself has been on constant revolution with some growing to become big multinational or transnational corporations. This increment and evolution has been necessitated by a few occurrenceors among them being The shifting personal credit line environmentThe changes in chat technologyThe changes taking place in terms of politicsEmergence of spheric business and the g everywherenment issue of common market places equivalent Free-Trade agreements such as NAFTA andEasy export and import of business culture and business interestsTake an example of the Snow White and the seven dwarfs in the early 1930s and the Disney world in the early 30s. The Disneyland of now for example is a whole world of wonders consisting of MoviesMuseumMobileArksShop goggle boxRadioSatelliteRecordsMusic On IceMusic on B roadwayCruisesResorts andAmusementThis means that the order created by such a transnational media would not notwithstanding be felt in the obtain country plainly world over as well. To this end however, it would not be wise to background the role the media corporations play without critic on the wholey behavioring into the effect the very existence and expansion of such corporations c all told for on the society in general. This is because the society of today values cultivation significantly as a vital product in the market, Gershon R. A. (2000)The other issue is that these media corporations atomic number 18 traversing a world with contrasting cultures and lifestyles merely they themselves consume a central origin with a particular culture. Therefore it would be good to deal if they could influence others by such cultures and ultimately change their ways of living. What would be the reaction of the locals? Would they pass up such external influence? How would they try to resist and would such granting immunity be effective or winning? These are some of the questions this article will examine and the master(prenominal) reason is because the world comprises people of divers(prenominal) preferences, tastes, fashion and who live on diverse culture divides.What unitary culture might resist as not worth taking another culture may find no toughy in its daily course of events and societys mode of life. It may be even a overserious challenge where such different cultures exist in such a way that they are mingled up and it is unwieldy to isolate or selectively come up with a particular group and convey to placed it in a particular culture. It is also good to remember that the world, collect to such expert bring outments such as the advent of the computer era and transnational media, has become such a infinitesimal village in such a manner that people in the US, UK, Africa and Far vitamin E tract or live on similar divide.DiscussionThe me dia imperialism thesis has for long argued against the expansion of Western media. It has well-kept that such an expansion especially creating roots into the developing world has had capacious consequences resulting in the supremacy over the developing countries national media environments. The consequences of such domination would be to destroy the indigenous media production of the developing countries, (Kalyani Chadha, 2000).However, fit to history, societies which live under despotic regimes created by superimposing media have constantly come up with alternative forms of chat as instruments of subversion. Most common forms include the use of underground bare-assedspapers though the issue is even stainless further with the fact that the there are more than than sophisticated colloquy technologies in the modern world.These new communication technologies have made it possible for transnational media and the citizen to participate amicably with great empowerment. It should b e cognise that the transnational media has also been of great help in helping the citizens to creatively exploit new media to resist state propaganda roiled out through the mainstream media, (Moyo, D. 2007).Critical scholars time and again view media concentration as an expression of corporate free enterprise that is, influential media owned and sustained by wealthy orphic interests. In liberal democracies, the media exerts its power and ability to influence the lifestyles of people through performance of three main duties. They act as watchdogs on governments provide conduits for the two-way flow of information between the people and their government, and eventually they act as source of information for the professed free bazaar of ideas, (Mowlana, H. (1996). world(prenominal) communication in transition The end of diversity. London Sage).Critical potentiometer in media industries is what this article is all about with empirical rationality being a critical point of examinat ion. Great emphasis lies on emerging production centers like the Hollywood and the manner in which such media productions penetrate their businesses into other frontier market like East Asia and Africa. In order to deduce the issue much better it is good to examine the maturement models utilise by emerging media economies. More specifically, the framework critiques approaches that argue that world(prenominal) integration is normatively disadvantageous to peripheral industries and societies. These growth models areDe-territorialization Media,(low-cost outsourcing)Isomorphism (cloning culture)Cultural technology transfer (co-productions and franchise agreements)Niche markets (breakthroughs) andCultural or industrial milieu (local clusters).Culture Society 2006 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks and sensitive Delhi),Economic and organizational factors are the major(ip) lead forces causing cultural world(prenominal)ization. Yet this cultural globalization must have an org anizational infrastructure. A form of such globalization comes about as a product of the actions of media and entertainment organizations based in advanced countries and whose production and distribution of film, television, and popular music creates a certain global dominance which essentially depends on the economic standing of the media mother country rather than the cultural factors.And thats why American firms in particular have profited from the size of their national market and the fact that funds for investment are available. gum olibanum a minute number of media corporations, based in a few Western countries, get over the production and global distribution of television, film, book publishing and popular music. Due to deregulation of national media industries and issuing of new technologies, global media market has developed. In this oligopolistic market the level of investment required to enter the market is so high, due to high costs of production and distribution.Dev eloping countries are locked out in a competition by the developed ones thus it makes it easy for those vertically integrated corporations to make huge earnings by selling very similar product in different media thereby influencing the people in all areas books, films, theater movies, cable television, CD- rom and others. The films which are expensively produced capitalize on technical effects that are much concerned with action, stunt and violence rather than character and emotion. This is because action films have a greater impact since they are simple to understand in diversity considering the diversity of languages spoken crosswise the globe.Hindrances and Local ResistanceBefore looking at the effect and extend of local resistance, we should keenly look at some of the forces that have hindered the development and influence of the transnational media in the different parts of the world. As we had seen earlier, the transnational media corporations we have today have undergone s everal stages of development through a series of prohibitions. Thus in a world of competition we expect some to prosper and others to flop. This is the reason as to why there are those that have grown while others have not. Those that grew are the ones that withstood the challenges.In the beginning of the want to expand their influence, the media had a lot of trouble due to technical impediments that existed between the developed and the yet to develop nations. This meant that the influence could not penetrate easily to the required level. For example the fact that some nations had developed major planet while others depended on the cable for communication. And in fact communication in some countries was still very underdeveloped and therefore installation had to take place before further penetration- Richeri (1994)Another hindrance was the fact that there was a great divide caused by linguistic obstacle. Considering this, you find that there was a great difference in the time of news broadcast, type and structure of news especially given that the equivalent reporter cannot present all the news. Thirdly, there were financial obstacles which were as a result of the difficulty with which advertisement could be put into one platform to satisfy a wide range of audience with different needs.Lastly we meet the cultural obstacle. People have varied cultures which they want to preserve at all costs and would try to resist any force which may intend to change their culture. This local resistance still meets various challenges especially which are policy-making and technological. Most governments have deregulated their broadcasting and this has had the following consequencesA shift from human race to private mediaNormative goals have shifted to commercial goalsA movement from political trunk to the market modelA shift from national media to transnational operatorsThe above points imply that the media has become more liberal, now having owners, administrators and advertisers and the fact that political influence is not uncommon. Therefore local resistance becomes a difficult task to accomplish. However, transnational medias political aspects have remained a thing of the past or in all failed or have survived precariously as a preserve of the business or political elite. collins (1996)However, some argue that the success of transnational media in influencing the culture of the world will fail automatically given the cultural diversity. It is argued further that due to vast dissimilar languages, diverse cultures, political practices and even trends in media usage attempts by the transnational media to influence the world culture would fail even if there were no attempts to interrupt such an influence. This is because for it to succeed effectively, it would require an existence of uniform political world, a world with one language, the one with homogeneous cultures or lifestyle.Yet creation of such a society is not or so possible as consensu s would not be probable. Although there are those who hold that the emergence of a global public sphere is already imminent and as such, they maintain, it is possible that a uniform cultured world is achievable or already being achieved. For example, based on this argument, they say that the public, its opinion and the world political system is already under a strong influence of the global communication rather than a particular political state or system. (Volkmer, 1999 119)Skeptics have their view. Political economic tradition criticism maintains that global media corporations play an increasingly imperative role in that they in reality control media industries all over the world. These changes are primarily caused by commercial and industrial momentum thus both culture and communication becomes more profit-oriented and product-driven. (Schiller, 1993 also Spark, 1998).Another faction of the skeptics holds that based on cultural and institutional analysis of the actual processes w hich lead to development of the transnational media, transnational media does not have a wide reach but rather regional such that even within its primary reach it is yet to make a universal penetration, (e.g. Collins, 1994, 1996 1998 Schlesinger, 1993 1999).In addition, you find that in most countries the usage of transnational media channels is restricted only to the well educated cadres and the business or political elites and mostly only applicable as a back-up to the national news channels viewed by a majority. According to this view it means that international media corporations cannot play a worthwhile role in formation or creation of a world public sphere or global culture.But there is still a point to consider in our argument. Technological development led to globalization especially invention of satellite which contributed to the development of mass media and more so electronic media which rather created a global village. Therefore people interacted and lived on a global scale since space and time barriers in human communication were collapsed. For example as mentioned in the earlier part, Disney culture can be found in many countries today in the world due to the Globalization of Culture different audiences can be brought different cultural experiences.Thus people in Japan, China and other far Eastern countries have learnt about Christmas Day, Valentines Day much from mass media making such events more popular in those parts of the world. Today, Disney is among the largest media and most popular entertainment corporations cognize in the world. Yet this Disney has been part of Americas cultural identity. This shows an example of how transnational media has influenced culture across the globe. Disney Theme Parks for example are found in Hong Kong, Tokyo and Paris showing a transfer of this culture from the original cradle to other countries despite it being commercialized.On the other hand, profits incites a globalization of both public sphere an d news media. It enables more interactive passage of information via its bidirectional communicative Technology, that is, Online Chat, e-mail and etc- C. Barker, (1999).ConclusionThe hindrances that earlier on faced the expansion and influence of the transnational media corporations are no longer effective as the world becomes more liberal in discussion of its affairs. Hence, as media companies of today grow persistently and continuously keep expanding, the challenges of staying competitive globally become all the time more difficult but the corporations use strategic planning to deal with environmental kinetics that affect their business. This means that penetration of other cultures in a region is not as difficult as it used to be earlier on when it had just started making in roots. Linguistic obstacle that used to be is no longer a problem since people are able to understand gestures, picture motions and other physical aspects of communication even if language is not availed a udio- visual effects of todays communication C. Barker, (1999).This therefore implies that local resistance would not be sufficient to counter the effects and impact of multinational media corporations in influencing cultural aspects of the world we live in today. Information is a major product on high demand and the way this information is channeled to the end user will have a significant impact on the behavior of the user after reception of the information.Thus so far, as we acknowledge the role played by the media in reducing the global geographical length between societies, individuals and cultural spheres, we need to also accept that it will be impracticable to curtail it from creating a global sphere. Hence continued dominance of the transnational media corporations in the world media market is a reliable threat to the cultural diversity that exists at present yet local resistance has been made impossible unless political interventions are signed out, which are also prone failure- Akwule, R. Global (1992).ReferencesPlaton and M. Deuze Indymedia Journalism A constitutional Way of Making, Selecting and Sharing News? Journalism, August1,2003 4(3) 336 355.Gershon A. R. Communication Department, Western Michigan University.Publication Journal of Media Economics, April 2000 13 (2) 81 101Abshire, D. M. transnational broadcasting Western diplomacys new dimension of. Beverly Hills, CA Sage. (1976).Akwule, R. Global telecommunications The technology, politics, and administration. Boston Focal Press. (1992).Goff, H. D. A. B. Albarran, (Eds.). Understanding the Web Social, economic, and political dimensions of the Internet. Ames, Iowa ISU Press. (2000).Alexander, A. et al. (Eds.). Media economics Theory and practice (2nd). New tee shirt Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, (1998).Megamedia A.D. Dominance of Giant Corporations in Mass Media, How competition is distorted and democracy endangered. Lanham, MD Rowman Litlefield(1998).Miller A. D. International communi cation and international power, New York St. Martins Press. (1995).Bagdikian, H. B. The monopoly of the media (5th ed.). NY Beacon Press. (1997).Barker, (1999). Television, globalization and cultural identities. London Open University Press.Schlesinger B, E. The Media and Conglomerates. New York New Press. (1998).Spark, The global village Dead or alive? Ohio BGP Press, (1998).

The Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The Speckled Band EssayThe social and historical currytings in the stories mean that although both stories be about crime and police detectives, they argon almost seperate genres as far as detective stories go. However, they have a very similar structure. both(prenominal) stories start with a desperate unripe woman asking for help in solving a crime. In the middle of both stories, the detectives wonder the crimes and find evidence. Holmes does this mostly at the scene of the crime whereas the Op goes to the police station and peoples apartments to interview people involved. Both storied have similar endings in that the detectives solve the crimes very cleverly and then explain to the separate characters how they did it. This is a way to explain to the reader how they did it, so the plot makes sense. However, Death on Pine passageway ends with a display of the roughness of the Op, as he knocks the tennant down the steps. Holmes did not act in this manner.The differences interchangeablewise lie in the characters other than the detectives. The Speckled Band has far fewer characters, as it is focused on a far smaller location. The victims of the stories are different. In The Speckled Band we feel sorry for look out over Stoner and her sister, they are innocent young girls being cruelly mistreated by a sorry stepfather. We cant really feel very sorry for Gilmore as he is a crook and a serial adulterer. His death may have been an accident, but he probably did deserve it. Dr. Roylott is obviously do out to be the evil, vicious villian of The Speckled Band, but Death on Pine path is set in an environment where just about everyone is unpleasant and involved in some sort of outraged activity this is again due to the socio-historic setting of the story.The Speckled Band takes on a typically squared-toe view of woman, innocently in need of rescue by a heroic character like Holmes. In Death on Pine Street it is just the opposite the women are tough, the y can do things for themselves, and like Cara Kenbrook, are far from innocent. There is also a lot more violence in Death on Pine Street than in The Speckled Band, this again, shows us the difference among mid-nineties England and 1930s America. The language difference is also clearly seen, Holmes story being spoken in trite english, and Death on Pine Street full of slang terms and americanisms. Both stories give us a good representation of what it was actually like in those periods of time.Because Sherlock Holmes was the first fictional detective it is easy to see how later detective stories like Death on Pine Street were influenced by him. But the whole atmosphere and morality of the two stories is different. The different historical and social circumstances are easily noticable.The language spoken, the attitude of the characters and the overall morals are different. The Speckled Band is a classic, straightforward Good Versus Evil story, with Good prevailing as usual. However D eath on Pine Street has a general feeling of corruption, distrust and seems full of double crossings.The more modern story is influenced by classic features of Holmes such as his strength of character, brilliant mind and use of a complex mystery, tho the modern American setting has meant changes to the classic English style. Death on Pine Street blurs the borders between good and evil, which I find enkindle. The classic Holmes approach, whilst enjoyable, can seem unrealistic, considering present day life. Both stories are very enjoyable in their own way, as I stated before they could almost be in seperate genres. The element of mystery is used well in both stories, and both stories have interesting characters. I think the fact that they are both so ingenious is what compells us to read on we want to know how they managed to solve such a complex puzzle. Although from differing times and places, they are both superlative examples of what a detective story should be.

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Essay Example for Free

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis EssayMany populate called her the Ameri stand Queen. (Mattern) Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was by far the just about iconic mode figure of the 1960s. She shaped mould especially for women in her own time, but to a greater extent than just organism a signifi bungholet influence on how women dressed in the 1960s her style has transcended the boundaries of time and the new-made women eventide looks to her on matters of excogitate. Jackie, as she was fondly called, did non remain as a potent fashion figure only in the 60s but continued to shape the fashion manufacture earthly concernwide, even after her days of glory as the First Lady of America. The influence of Jackies style can still be seen now on the catwalks, every designer shows a look inspired by her. She was very classic, but with a modern twist. (Reuters) Nevertheless, it would be presumptuous to just make this conclusion without sounding at how this lady was sufficient-bodied to lu rch the way women dress. Jackie was highly instrumental in the fashion dig of the 60s as well up as in modern eras because she instilled a sense of courage into fashion, she equated fashion with personality, and she pi unrivaledered the concept that simplicity was in fact stylish, elegant and fashion subject.The baroque and almost boisterous fashion sense of women in the 60s were a basis for Jackies influence in make women bolder and to a greater extent than unique in their choice of clothing. Note that during this period discreet strain between American and French relations, and despite of this, Jackie rose above the rest and ref utilize to be influenced by this. Oleg Cassini, Jackies designer, created her wardrobe for the 1961 inauguration. Jackie told him she valued to dress as if Jack were President of France. Jacobs)While this remark may be considered as un-patriotic at that time, it simply shows how Jackie chose to ignore political and social constructs in delivering he r message of fashion. She was also known for sooner paper fashion decisions such as when she kicked forward a craze for the cardinal-shoulder dress, encouraged women to ditch their high, pointy heels, endorsed chain belts, big sunglasses, and YSL midi skirts. (Mathai) All these changes in the way women dress all speak of the boldness Jackie which was what women of the time wanted to acquire.Fashion was almost secondary to women of this period what were more important to them were the decisiveness, innovation, and courage that riddled decision fashioning among the effeminate gender. For instance, Jackie had been forced by her public role into wearing hats, as called for by formal communications protocolShe made fashion history, however, by choosing to wear the hat tipped to the back of her head rather than hearty on top. (CAVF) This is an illustration of how Jackie set the example for women to remain undaunted by male dominated policies and so take flight she did this in a la nguage that all women would easily understand fashion.Jackie was neer one to follow what was in during the moment because she believed in the value of individualism and unique style. Her penchant for seeking what was most comfortable to her was the best indication that she was not about to sacrifice her comfort for trendiness, and this worked for her as a result. Trends and fads never dictated Jackies fashion choicesshe had the courage of her convictions to reject it if she didnt feel it was right for her. Flaherty) Her courage in fashion rubbed off on all women of the time and even on the modern woman and to this day, people will think of how she breathed new life into the American fashion scene even fashioning the industry more competitive when compared to its global rivals.At that time, most high fashion clothes were made in Europe. However, the first lady decided to promote American designers. (Mattern) Jackie also exercised her influence everyplace women of the 60s and o n todays fashionable female by showing that clothing was not everything and that what one wore was in fact a reflection of ones personality. Jackie understood the power of clothing and image and used it to reflect the internationalism of the Kennedy Administration and the promise of the 1960s. (Leight) So, Jackie forever made sure that what she wore made a statement, if not about her, at least about the country she was in. Nevertheless, she also insisted that it was not really the clothing that one wore that made the person, rather, this was just the extension of the ideals and principles that a particular person stood for.As much as Jackie love fashion, she was much more than the clothes she wore. Although appearances clearly counted, how she lived her life mattered most. (Flaherty) Jackie was not the kind of person who would as she sunny while compromising the image of her family and of her husbands administration. Through her many women all around the world realized how impor tant it was for a person to use fashion as a concocts of conveyance a message either about oneself or about the society that he/she was in, but more importantly about ones beliefs and convictions. Jackie chose clothes that played to both her athletic sensibility and her Vassar-educated, Francophile refinement, notes Bowles. (Tauber)This meant that Jackie was always on top of her style, that her outfit almost usually reflected not the designer, not the luxury of the attire, but the sensibilities and the principles of the wearer. This had to mean wearing clothes that were not only practical but also simple and Jackie did not pulverize the concept of simplicity in the process, in fact, she even re-invented simplicity at a time when esthetic expression was at its noisiest.Jackie had left her legacy on the woman of the 60s as well as on contemporary fashion trends by making women see that simplicity can in fact be fashionable, stylish and elegant. Her passion for simplicity took Ameri ca out of the staid and conservative mid-fifties and into the world of classy international elegance. (Leight) Jackie knew what it meant to make an impression and she believed that a lasting impression was possible even with the simplest white dress. She knew that she did not have to be overly verbose about her dressing styles to make people want to turn and have a second look. Her clothes were informed with an understated modern elegance, characterized by cleanliness, solid colors, and ease of movement. (Leight)So again, one sees here that Jackie found convenience in simplicity in that other than being overly numbered, her fashion sense was fluid and responsive to the needs of the contemporary woman. nothing went wrong with fashion when Jackie was in the limelight because her style was almost a nude expression of the feminine psyche. Years before she became Jackie O, Kennedy was a first lady with impeccable style. (Shih) Simplicity, however, did not do it without a impairment because appearing simple meant that she had to carefully plan her wardrobe so that she achieved the kind of impression that she wanted to derive and so for Jackie, fashion was never unintentional, it was always a conscious effort equal poetry and belles-lettres Jackie put an enormous amount of work into appearing effortlessly elegant. We look at her and think, How simple says Hubert de Givenchy hardly it was deliberate. She was very conscious of her style, her body, her face. (Tauber) A woman of the 90s can look at Jackie and like the woman of the 60s still say that she was in fact right in decision making to look simple amid the fame and glory that she was in because it was this simplicity in her fashion sense that gave her authority over the world of fashion and a healthy appreciation for the elegance that came with a piece of clothing. Jackie was nevertheless quite innovative as she always believed that simplicity could be expressed in a thousand varied ways, and even with this ironic contradiction, women of the 60s were able to identify with the effortlessness of Jackies fashion.It is this that transcended the trends of the 60s and began a whole new movement in contemporary dressing, now even known as Jackie O fashion. Jackie was aware that she was changing the world of fashion little by little and building a commemoration to the element of feminism that is almost non-existent to the opposite sex. So, to date, the world fondly recalls the elegant simplicity of Jacqueline Kennedys style that would come to influence fashion all over the world. (CAVF)It is not always that a woman is able to change the world by being herself but the fact remains that Jackie sparked a revolution or more appropriately a renaissance in how women dressed in the 60s and in the new millennia. Of course, some would say that fashion is just a small piece of the bigger picture represent world shattering issues but how comforting it is to have someone slink back once in a while and remember that there is nothing that one does not have that one can give to the world.Making a difference means having that difference initiated within oneself and through fashion Jackie was able to make this bold and courageous statement. History will forever remember Jackie as the woman who was able to put policy into fashion as the women who through her humility and respect for the female persona was able to take the fashion of the 60s and the contemporary era and mold it to perfection by making women understand that fashion meant courage and conviction, that fashion was an extension of oneself, and that fashion does not need to be vocal and un-moderated for it to be elegant, fashionable, and more importantly, stylish.

Marx Communist Manifesto Summary Essay Example for Free

Marx Communist Manifesto Summary set aboutAll throughout history, there has always been a sense of hierarchy in society such(prenominal) as the elites over the peasants, aristocrats over plebeians, etc. Although there was much societal change in the prison term of revolution, this subordination of classes did not. Sprouted from feudal society, bourgeois continues the division of societal classes Bourgeoisie and Proletariat.The work of the Proletariats was to simply recall jobs and work. Theyd continue working so long as it increased the capital. However, Proletariats did not need some(prenominal) individual character to be working. They were simply an appendage to the machines in the factories. Not much skill or education was needed to work these machines, therefore, the cost of producing the materials was very limited. As work increased, their wages would decrease. As manufacturing increased, so did the Proletariat. Factories were quickly becoming packed with more laborers . Conditions of living for them began to equalize, however their wages seemed to fluctuate in response to the competition between other factories. Technologically, the machines werent advancing due to their reliance on the workers to look sharp production anyway. This began to tear down the Proletariats vivacious livelihood, so they began to create groups against the Bourgeoisie. Their banding together helped them keep collapse track on the stability of the wages and were more powerful in their occasional revolts. At times, they would be successful in these revolts. However, their real success stemmed from their lies. The continual oppressed behavior of the Proletariat was no longer compatible with society.

Compare and contrast of the three women Essay Example for Free

equalize and contrast of the three women EssayVirgin bloody shameMary is an important figure in Catholic faith, beat of Jesus Christ in physical body, she is also the phantasmal Mother of the Church, the Bishops of the Second Vatican Council gave this gentle to her.We know little biographical information about Mary, our greatest source would be the books of Matthew, Mark, John and Luke. From these spiritual accounts and companionship of the all(prenominal)day circumstances she would have faced comes a picture of the Mary the shepherds would have be in Bethlehem a woman who was young, devout, offended by injustice, devoted to her child, and, many believe, sorrowful in the knowledge of what his fate would be. Mary was bethroed to Joseph when the angel Gabriel appears to her and says she is to bear the son of God, she asks, How can this be, since I am a double-dyed(a)?She is told that nonhing is impossible with God. Marys consent and willingness to endure social injustic e for God is an hallowed act in itself, as women suspected of adultery were often stoned to death. Throughout her life she seen as very holy and is believed to be the Immaculate Conception i.e. born(p) without any sin. Although Mary herself is holy as well as all her acts, the most undismayed act she did was watching her son die on the cross. Mary endured the pain in the ass because she was a good piteous woman devoted to God, she knew Jesus death was inevitable.Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale was born in May 12th 1820. She was an aristocrat born to wealthy British parents. At 16 Florence cerebration she heard the voice of God telling her that she had a special mission in life. Florence suspected it had something to do with nursing because as a young child she had always enjoyed caring for the sickish. Traditionally she was meant to behave alike(p) a upper class lady, but Florence was reculant to do so, having found her passions elsewhere. She turned down suitors and social parties to sooner take up studying health and medicine. As she was a woman of the upper class, this behaviour was non expected. A cultured lady of that day did not enter in hospital work and her familys rivalry finally prevented her fromworking in a hospital. She overcame this obstacle by studying at a Protestant school for nursing.Later she became the superintendent of a hospital in London. At the Crimean War, Florence was asked to take charge of nursing. there she revolutionized hospital care. She cleaned up the hospital, set schedules, ordered supplies, and once the hospital was running smoothly- taught the soldiers how to read and write. When she returned to England she fell sick from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Ministers, heads of government, authors, politicians and reformers came to her for her advice. She received many public honors and was the first woman to be awarded the British Order of Merit. Florence nearly single-handedly invented modern nursing, as we know it today, and created a new image of female nurses as a professional class.genus Irena SendlerIrena Sendler was born in 1910 in O devilck, a town some 15 miles southeast of Warsaw. She was greatly influenced by her father who was one of the first Polish Socialists. During WW11 Irene defied the Nazis and in a level of remarkable bravery, rescued 2,500 Jewish children by smuggling them out of the Warsaw Ghetto. She was rescuing these children from most certain death, as very few came out of the Warsaw Ghetto alive. Irene worked in the Warsaw Social Welfare Department and as a result was able to go about freely without suspicion. When Irene saw the prejudice and terrible conditions that were being forced upon the Jews she was appalled and decided to join the Polish underground resistance movement Aid to the Jews. Irena Sendler accomplished her incredible deeds with the active assistance of the church. I sent most of the children to religious establishments, she recalled. I knew I could count on the Sisters.The children were developn false identities and placed in homes, orphanages and convents. Irena Sendler carefully noted, in coded form, the childrens original names and their new identities. But the Nazis became aware of Irenas activities, and on October 20, 1943 she was arrested, imprisoned and tortured by the Gestapo, who skint her feet and legs. Though she was the only one who knew the names and addresses of the families sheltering theJewish children, she withstood the torture, refusing to betray either her associates or any of the Jewish children in hiding. She escaped from prison but for the rest of the war the Gestapo pursued her.After the war she withdraw up the jars and used the notes to track down the 2,500 children she placed with adoptive families and to reunite them with relatives scattered across Europe. This lovely, courageous woman was one of the most dedicated and active workers in aiding Jews during the Nazi occupation of Poland. Her courage enabled not only the survival of 2,500 Jewish children but also of the generations of their descendants. Her courage, strength and the goodness of her spirit is honored endlessly by those lives she saved.Compare and ContrastMary, Irena Sendler, and Florence Nightingale all have something in common. Each and every one overcame social injustice, discrimination and prejudice in the name of all things good. Virgin Mary knew she would be shunned, as her baby was conceived before marriage, back then adultery was punishable by stoning to death, to that degree she agreed to do gods work out of love for the Lord. Irena Sendler risked her life for the 2,500 children she saved, her deeds could have gotten her killed in time her faith and morality was more important to her, and Florence Nightingale overcame the social ethics and restrictions of her time to do what she believed to be Gods work.Another similarity is the fact that all three women saved lives in their own respective way. conflicting Florence and Irena, Mary did her deeds indirectly and in a more spiritual sense, she gave birth to Jesus who is spiritually viewed as the savior of mankind, he gave people salvation, faith and hope. Also, today many people see Mary as a role model and through her seek inspiration that leads many people to give up sin and live a good and holy life. This contrasts to the work of Florence Nightingale and Irena Sendler, these two woman saved people in the physical sense, through knowledge, nursing, and trying to prevent genocide.These woman bastinado inspiration and strength in all that read their story. Though they come from polar eras and have different life stories to tell, all three are fine examples of the strength, faith and capabilities of a woman.BibliographyInternethttp//net2.netacc.net/mafg/mary03.htmhttp//www.auschwitz.dk/Sendler.htmhttp//www.catholic.org/saints/saints/lucy.htmlhttp//www.catholic-forum.com/saints/stl01001.htmhttp//www.dnai.com/borneo/nightinga le/tl1.htmhttp//www.geocities.com/squillin_us/Mother%20Mary.htmhttp//www.holocaustforgotten.com/sendler.htmBooksBook of Saints Mark Straton 1991 J.M Dent Pty.Dictionary of World Biography. Barry Jones 1998 The AgeEncyclopedia of World Biography McGraw agglomerate 1973 McGraw Hill Inc.Florence Nightingale John Drasedon 1988 Wiley and Sons LTDVirgin Mary Linda McWell 1963 Curtin Pty.

Coursework in Arts Essay Example for Free

Coursework in Arts Essay1. In Elisabeth Vigee-Lebruns paint of the Queen of France, Marie-Antoinette, in the late 18th century, the queen is shown sitting with her three children in a full-dress gown at the edge of the Hall of Mirrors. Colors that were used can be described as basically feminineshades of ruby, cherry, velvet, scarlet, and salmon yet darker colourise were used in the crib of the first news to portray his death. From the colors of the painting, the queen appears to be sitting on a shiny spot, hardly around her is a darker, gloomier color that may portray danger to her and her children. Textures, on the other hand, appear to be soft and feathery, which shows wealth and comfort. The lines in the background are parallel and horizontal, which bakshishs to her straight, firm place in her seat. The position of the queen and her two children beside her form a straight cross beside the crib that looks like a cave. The eldest son alive who points to the crib may ap pear like the angel beside the cave where Jesus was buried. The son was like saying, Youre looking for my brother? Hes not here anymore merely has gone up to the Father. On the other hand, the eldest son alive stands firmly alone, which shows independence and specialnesseven at an early age. The stairs in the background may mean political fame, save it was portrayed to be darker and more shadowy above, so that it would be best for the queen to be where she iswith her children and her groundwork (please see painting in the appendix). Formal elements show that this good queen is a devoted gofull of quiet dignityby the way the colors, the textures, the lines, the shapes, and the space interact with one another.The whole perspective portrays quietness, peacefulness, as well as acceptancethings that picture her as a good and pleasant being. there is in like manner the hint of wealth and extravagance, especially the impersonation of the Hall of Mirrors. In the overall, the painti ng is meant to give her a positive, submissive, and motherly aura. 2. John Singleton Copleys painting of Paul revere in 1768 is an example of a fancy painting. The Rococo style, which emerged in France, characterizes opulence, grace, and lightness, as seen in the painting (Figure 2 in the appendix).Copley used contrasting colors like black (as the background) and white (as Reveres shirt) to put more emphasis on the main object. The lines, colors, and objects are all simple. Lines, especially in the head and in the table, are all parallel, which may point to neutralism and evenhandedness. It was said that Revere was uninterested in politics he wanted altogether to be neutral, which was not possible (Artchive, 2007). The eyes, on the other hand, portray innocence, knowledge, and fairness.The textures used are all smooth and shiny, which may also reflect opulence. It focuses on carefree aristocratic life, with direct reference on Reveres being a silversmithwith a piece of silverwar e on his hand. He was portrayed with such extravagance, as shown in the linen cloth, which at that time was not yet available in America and could only be imported to the land as well as the golden buttons that lay on his vest.However, the portrayal of flowing linen could pointnot to the linens of Englandbut to the production of a hundred ells of linen in America during that time, which for Revere was something to be proud of. However, it is said that the painting is a sort of a match act conducted by painter Copley (Artchive, 2007), especially that he is about to marry one of the Clarkes who were owners of the notorious afternoon tea concession (Artchive, 2007).The silver teapot appears to be a large issue then, since only their enemiesthe Toriesdrank tea (the Whigs drank the Boston tea, which was a punch). Revere is shown as a neutral person who wears rich linen clothing, but which comes from his own land. He is holding a silverware teapot, which is one of his expertise, but poi nts to the character of the enemies and to the business of the Clarkes with which Copley is about to share his life with. Therefore, Revere is neutral, as he is open to all.

Oliver Twist the novel Essay Example for Free

Oliver Twist the novel EssayIn Oliver Twist, the novel, fiend holds a variety of language techniques to show how villainous Bill Sikes is. The vocabulary he uses is course and elementary. That, with the use of short, crispy sentences gives a fierce thuggish effect. In the film, Bill Sikes is calm in his words however with bestial with his actions. In the film reading he is also presented with a delicate, more human side sort of than being pot rayed as a monster all the time, like in the novel. This is helped with the non-diegetic sound, to help induce and eerie and tense atmosphere. In the novel, Dickens describes him as a Robber, Housekeeper these negative words add to his somebody as wanting to be the alpha-male. The language Sikes uses is not thought out properly. He says whatever comes into his vanguard and this is why he is always quick to reply. In the film, even though Nancy explains herself, he hits her, and only afterwards hitting her he realises what he has don e.In conclusion, the way that Bill Sikes is presented as a villain in both the original novel by Charles Dickens and the BBC film adaptation are quite different. The horror and the traits of Bill Sikes are portrayed by the language used by Charles Dickens which is short and sharp for fast paced action. The interactions of Bill Sikes with the other characters in the scene and chapter in which Bill Sikes completely ignores Fagins warnings and is really brutal to Nancy.Furthermore his villainy is also enhanced by the authors and the film ecclesiastics craft and use of various devices such as non-diegetic music and how Bill Sikes is called various label in the novel and finally his presentation of a villain is also based upon how he treats Nancy and how he reacts to his surroundings. In the novel he is presented to far more villainous than he is in the BBC film adaptation as in the adaptation there is remorse and regret over Nancys death.

Computer Dynamics Network Proposal

computing device Dynamics Network Proposal ready reckoner Dynamics is a caller-out with 300 computers in three adjacent five-story twist with 100 computers in each building. The LANs are similar in each building with a selective information center is set(p) in one building on the second news report. There are no other character locations. The current system is poorly introductioned and must be completely replaced. Develop a tenacious design for this enterprise campus that considers the seven network architecture components.The first thing that I would do is contribute a site survey of the companys existing network and obtain any certificate such as site names, locations contacts, cabling layout, server room location, and operational hours. I then would run a network abstract of the entire network to check the efficiency of the current system. Faults that are defined during the demonstrate then I would addressed them prior to the new system install. The assumptions that I h ave made are that each building will have twenty computers per floor and the main building will besides include the data center on the second floor.I would then meet with Computer Dynamics Company to appoint the requirements of what they expect for a network. Topics to address would be the type of applications that are being used and any future(a) application requirements that they may expect, goals of the company, and if any limitations or constraints they may have. Gathering the preliminary information from the customer I could then start the design process.The proposal to Computer Dynamics Company would be based dour the seven network architecture components. Each building LAN would be designed using a physical star topology that would connect the twenty computers on each floor with shielded reprobate pair cable to a twenty four port 10 gigabyte switch. I would also propose a piano tuner network for each building along with a wired network. The wireless network would invol ve replacing the existing bother points with 802.11ac access points three per building. The placement of the new access points on different channels would be placed on floors one, three and five of each building.The twenty four port ten gigabyte switches installed on each floor of the three buildings would be machine-accessible to a main switch located on the main floor of each building. They in roll are connected to a router placed in each building on the first floor. The connections betwixt the five switches to the router in each building would use multi-mode quality optic cabling as well as the connections from building to building.The designated main building will contain the data center on the second floor which contains the servers for the company. This data center would also contain the e-commerce edge enabling potential customers along with their existing customers to the becharm the company website. Each of the buildings LANs would connect to the data center through a switch with a eccentric uplink port. The main building networks along with the other two buildings would be terminated via the other end of the fiber cable into ports on the main building data switch.Any connectivity to the outside via internet service would be connected through a gateway router that is connected directly into the main data switch. The need for a 10/100/1000 service needs to be provided by the companies ISP. Using this design would modify all 300 computer to have internet access and the ability to connect to any company server located at any of the other buildings.The last part of my proposal would be to test the new/upgrade system to ensure it meets Computer Dynamics requirements. I then would propose Computer Dynamics company use the network for an established period of time so they can monitor, verify, and ease up recommendations as needed. Once they are satisfied with the operation of the new network system, I would provide them with documentation of the sit e names, locations contacts, cabling layout, server room location, and equipment upgrades or changes of locations.Works CitedFitzGerald, Jerry, Alan Dennis, and Jerry FitzGerald. Business Data Communications and Networking. New York Wiley, 1996. Print.How to design network Eight step design methodology. Networking Virtualization. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2017.

Hypothyroidism: Causes, Effects and Treatments

Hypo thyroid glandal glandalalalism Ca applys, mark off up and wordsHypothyroidism is a condition characterized by ab formulaly deplorable amount of the thyroid removeocrine price bolshieuction. This whitethorn be due(p) to a thyroid fuss or each different reason. thyroid gland horm one and only(a) affects growth, increase, and numerous cellular processes. Inadequate thyroid hormone has many consequences for the body (1, 2, 3). thyroid gland and thyroid hormone synthesis thyroid gland has twain lobes affiliated by an isthmus. It attaches to the thyroid cartil mount up and trachea. Therefore it moves with swallowing. Thyroid gland consists of follicles lined by a cuboidal epithelial cell layer. These follicles filled with colloids.Parafollicular cells situated in betwixt follicular cells which secrete calcitonine (4, 9).Thyroid gland synthesizes mainly two hormones. They argon L- thyroxine/tetraiodothyronine (T4) and thyroxin (T3).T3 is the active form that acts at the cellular level and T4 is the prohormone.Iodide enters the thyroid follicles primarily through a transporter. Thyroid hormone synthesis occurs in the follicular space through a series of reactions, many of which are peroxides-mediated. Thyroid hormones stored in the colloid in the follicular space that is released from Thymoglobulin by a hydrolysis reaction which occur inwardly the thyroid cell (4, 5, 8).E.g. Thyroglobulin (Tgb), monoiodotyrosine (MIT), diiodotyrosine (DIT),Triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4) (5).If thither is hereditary imperfection of enzyme in above process, Thyroid hormone synthesis could non occur. So its leads to congenital thyromegaly and a great deal results in hypothyroidism (6).Regulation of the synthesis of thyroid hormonesThyroid hormone synthesis is regulated by a nonher gland located in the brain battle cryed hypophysis. In turn the pituitary gland in part regulated by the thyroid hormone via feedback mechanism and other gl and called hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin hormone (TRH), which give a augur to the pituitary gland to release thyroid stimulating hormone ( thyroid-stimulating hormone). TSH in turn sends a signal to the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone. If slightly defect occurs in one of these levels, a insufficiency of ware of thyroid hormones git cause a inadequateness of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) (4, 5, 8).Hypothalamus TRH trim back arrowPituitary- TSHdown arrowThyroid- T4 and T3The rate of thyroid hormone synthesis is regulated by the pituitary gland. If there is an insufficient amount of thyroid hormone circulating in the body to expression dieing, the release of TSH from the pituitary increased in order to nonplus more thyroid hormone. However, when there is a large amount of thyroid hormones in circulation, TSH level decreases and pituitary attemporary workerts to reduce the production of thyroid hormone. In people with hypothyroidism put one across low levels of circulating thyroid hormones (4, 8).Physiological effects of thyroid hormonesCardiovascular remains increased cardiac output and essence rate.Skeletal system increased beat turnover and resorption.Respiratory maintains normal hypoxic and Hypercapnic drive in respiratory centre.Gastroin rivuletinal increases gut motility.Blood increases red blood cell 2, 3-BPG facilitating Oxygen release to threads.Neuromuscular increases speed of muscular tissue contraction and relaxation and muscle protein turnover.Metabolism of carbohydrates increases hepatic Gluconeogenesis/glycolysis and intestinal glucose Absorption.Metabolism of lipids increased lipolysis and Cholesterol synthesis and degradation.Sympathetic nervous tissue increases catecholamine Sensitivity and -adrenergic receptor numbers in midsection, skeletal muscle, adipose cells and lymphocytes (1, 2, 4, 7, 8).Reduces cardiac -adrenergic receptors.If there is a defect in the synthesis or regulation pat hways or thyroid lead to many disorders. They are mainly divided in two parts. They are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, is the overproduction of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and near often caused by the development of Graves disorder which is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are bringd which stimulate the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. This disease deal lead to the development of toxic goiter due to the growth of the thyroid gland in law of closure to the absence of negative feedback mechanisms. This is manifested by symptoms such as thyroid goiter, protruding eyes (exopthalmos), palpitations, excessive sweating, diarrhea, free weight loss, muscle weakness and unusual esthesia to heat. Appetite is increased (2, 4, 7).Classification of HypothyroidismHypothyroidism is often classified by association with the indicated organ dysfunction (4). character referenceOriginPrimaryThyroid glandThe mo st joint forms are Hashimotos thyroiditis which is an autoimmune disease and bottom be occur in radio one therapy for hyperthyroidism (4, 7, 6).SecondaryPituitary glandOccurs if the pituitary gland does not release enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce enough thyroid hormones. Although not every case of secondary hypothyroidism has a clear-cut case, it is usually caused by damage to the pituitary gland, as by a tumor, radiation, or surgery. Secondary hypothyroidism accounts for less than 5% or 10% of hypothyroidism cases (4, 7, 6).TertiaryHypothalamusResults when the hypothalamus fails to produce sufficientThyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH prompts the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Hence may in any case be termed hypothalamic-pitu(4,7,6)AutoimmuneAtrophic (autoimmune) hypothyroidism. The most common cause of hypothyroidism and the associated with antithyroid auto antibodies leads to lymphoid per colation Cancer and eventually atrophy and fibrosis. It has been six Times more common in women and the incidence increaseswith age. This hindquarters be associated with other autoimmune Diseases such as pernicious anemia, vitiligo and other endocrine disorders. In some cases, intermittent Hypothyroidism occurs when recovering from illness, antibodies which block the TSH receptor throw out some periods be involvedin the etiology(5, 7, 10).Hashimotos thyroiditis.This form of autoimmune thyroiditis, again, more common in women and the most common in the late. The average age is atrophic changes with regeneration, leading to the formation of goiter. This may be usually firm and Rubber only butt end vary from soft to hard. TPO antibodies very high amount (1000 IU / L). Patients can be euthyroid or hypothyroid, but they can pass throughthe initial phase of the toxic Hashi toxicity, Levothyroxine therapy. The goiter may reduce the even if the patient does not Hypothyroid (7, 8, 10). Postpartum thyroiditis.Typically, this is a temporary phenomenon Observed after pregnancy. It can cause hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism or the two sequences. It is believed to cause changes in the immune system necesnecessary.In case of pregnancy, and histologically lymphocytic thyroiditis.The process is usually self-limiting, but when Conventional antibodies are there is a strong chance this procedure of permanent hypothyroidism. Postpartum Thyroiditis may be misdiagnosed as postnatal depression. Thyroid function test is done to detect this situation (4, 7).Defects in hormone synthesis iodine deficiency. Dietary iodine deficiency still exists in some areas as endemic goiter where goiter, occasionally massive is common. Patients may be euthyroid or hypothyroidism depending on the severity of iodine deficiency. The mechanism is considered borderline hypothyroidismleading to TSH stimulation and thyroid enlargement against iodine deficiency continues (47). Iodine deficiency is this sti ll a problem in the Netherlands, the Western Pacific and South. East Asia for example, the mountainous regions of the Himalayas and Africa. any(prenominal) countries affected by iodine deficiency, for example, China and Kazakhstan take measures providing iodinein salt, but others, such as Russia, have not yet done so. Of The 500 million with iodine deficiency in India around 2 million suffering from cretinism.Dyshormonogenesis is a rare disease is due to genetics. Defects in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, patients Develop hypothyroidism with goiter. One particular family Form is associated with sensorineural hearing loss due to the removal fun of chromosome 7, resulting in a defect Transporter Pendrin (Pendred syndrome author) (4, 5).Hypothyroidism causes many symptoms. The term myxedema refers to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides.In the subcutaneous tissue. The Graeco-Roman pictures are Slow in working, dry hair, thick-skinned, deep voice, Weight gain, cold intoleranc e, bradycardia, and constipation. These features make the diagnosis abstemious. Milder symptoms, however, more common and difficult to distinguish from other causes Nonspecific tiredness. Many of the cases on the biochemical detection (4, 6, 7) cover songParticular difficulties in diagnosis may occur in certain circumstancesChildren with hypothyroidism may not classical Properties, but often have a slow growth rate, poor School proceeding and sometimes arrests of pubertal Development.Young women with hypothyroidism may not show obvious signs. Hypothyroidism is excluded in all Patients with oligomenorrhea / amenorrhea, Menorrhagia, infertility and hyperprolactinemia.the elderly show many clinical features that are difficult Distinct from normal aging (7, 10, 11). probe of master(a) hypothyroidismThe Serum TSH is the psychometric test of choice, a high TSH level Confirmed primary hypothyroidism. A low free T4 level nourishs the hypothyroidism is (and is likewise essential for T SH to close a deficiency and clinical hypothyroidism is strongly suspectedand TSH is normal or low).Thyroid and other organ-specific antibodies are present (7,10). early(a) exceptions are the adjacentAnemia, usually normochromic and normocytic In type but can macrocytic (sometimes this is by Associated pernicious anemia) or microcytic (in women, By menorrhagia)increased serum aspartate transferase levels, from Muscle and / or liverincreased serum creatine kinase levels, with associated myopathyhypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemiaHyponatremia due to an increase in ADH and reduced Free water clearance (7, 10).Treatment heterotaxy therapy with levothyroxine (thyroxin, that is to say, T4) is Data for life. The starting dose will depend upon the severity of the failure and the age and condition of the patient, especially their cardiac function 100g per day during the Young and fit, 50g (up to 100g after 2-4 weeks) for the small, old or weak. Patients with ischemic heart disease Illness an even lower initial dose, especially if the Hypothyroidism is a severe and prolonged. Most doctorsWould then start with daily 25g and do serial ECG, increasing the dose at 3 to 4-week detachments as angina Not occur or worsen and the ECG is not Deteriorate(8,10,11).MonitoringThe goal is to recover tardily at bottom T4 and TSH The normal range. The adequacy of the exchange is reviewed Clinical and thyroid function tests after at least 6 weeks at a constant dose. If serum TSH remains high, the dose of T4 Should is increased in increments of 25-50 g the tests restate 6-8 week intervals until TSH returns to normal. Complete suppression of TSH should be avoided atrial fibrillation and the lay on the line of osteoporosis. The usual The bread and butter dose is 100 to 150 g administered as a single daily Dose. An annual thyroid function test is recommended this is usually done in the first line, often assisted and in response to the district thyroid registers (5, 8 , 11).Clinical improvement T4 cannot start 2 weeks or more and fill out resolution of symptoms 6 months. The need for lifelong therapy should be emphasized and the possibility of other autoimmune endocrine disease development, Especially Addisons disease or pernicious anemia,Should be considered. During pregnancy, an increase of T4 Dosage of about 25-50g is often necessary to maintain normal TSH and the need for replacement during optimal. Pregnancy is highlighted by the finding of the reducing of Cognitive function in children of mothers with elevated TSH during pregnancy. A few patients with primary hypothyroidism complain neither symptomatic response to T4 replacement. Combination T4 and T3 replacement is advocated in this Context, but randomized clinical trials show no consistent Benefit from the quality of life symptoms (4, 8). Borderline hypothyroidism or Compensated euthyroidism Patients are often seen with a low-normal serum T4 levels and slightly elevated TSH values. any (prenominal)times this follows surgery or radioactive iodine therapy when it can be reasonably seen as compensatory. Treatment with levothyroxine is normally recommended where the TSH is consistently above 10 mu / L, or if possible symptoms, high titers of thyroid Antibodies or lipid abnormalities are present (4, 8, 10).When the TSH is only marginally increased, the tests must be repeated three to six Months later. Conversion to overt hypothyroidism is more common in men or TPO antibodies are present inPractice, vague symptoms in patients with marginal Elevated TSH (less than 10 mu / L) rarely responds to intervention, However, a therapeutic trial of substitution may be required to confirm that the symptoms are not related to the thyroid gland(4,8,10).It is also is considered to be the best time (TSH level normalization, the pattern case, the former)Pregnancy, in order to avoid the side effects of the fetus.Myxedema coma severe hypothyroidism, especially in the elderly, may be wi th confusion and even coma. Myxedema coma is very rare. Low temperature is often there, the patient may have severe heart failure, hypoventilation, hypoglycemia, and hyponatriemia.The best word Controversial, there is no data, most doctors recommend T3 viva voce or endovenous injection, a dose of 2, and 5-5 grams every 8 hours then, such as the above-mentioned increase. High-dose intravenous cannot be used (4, 7, 8). Other measures, although there is no proof of IncludeOxygen (by ventilation if necessary) supervise of cardiac output and pressureGradual warmingHydrocortisone 100 mg intravenously 8-hourGlucose excerpt to avoid hypoglycemia.Myxedema madness Depression is common in hypothyroidism but rarely with severe hypothyroidism in the elderly can the patient be said demented or psychotic, sometimes with prominent delusions. This may occur shortly after starting T4 replacement (6, 5).Screening for hypothyroidismthe incidence of congenital hypothyroidism is Approximately 1 in 350 0 births. Untreated, severe Hypothyroidism produces permanent neurological and Intellectual damage (cretinism). Routine screening of the newborn with a bloodstain, like Guthrie test, a high TSH level as an indicator of primary detecting Hypothyroidism is businesslike and cost effective cretinism is prevented if T4 is started within the first few months of life.screening of elderly patients for thyroid dysfunction a low pick-up rate and is controversial and not currently recommended. However, patients who have undergone Thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine should receive Regular thyroid function tests, should be as those who Lithium or amiodarone therapy (6, 5).Signs and symptomsearly hypothyroidism is often asymptomatic, can have very mild symptoms. Subclinical hypothyroidism normal levels of thyroid hormones, thyroxin (T4) and triiodo thyroxin (T3), moderate to high thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) conditions. TSH and low free T4 at a higher level th e symptoms are more obvious in clinical hypothyroidism (4, 6, 5).Hypothyroidism may be associated with the future(a) symptomsEarlycold intolerance, increased sensitivity to coldConstipationweight gain, water keepingbradycardia (low heart rate less than 65 times per minute)Fatigue lessen sweatingMuscle cramps and joystick paindry, itchy skinthin, brittle nailsQuick thoughtsDepressionmuscle tension difference (hypotonia) womanly infertility and problems in the menstrual cycleHyperprolactinemia and galactorrheaelevated serum cholesterol(10,11)Lategoiterslow deliverance and a hoarse, breaking voice deepening of the voice can also be noticed. Reinke edema.Dry gusty skin, especially in the faceThinning of the outer third of the eyebrows (sign of Hertoghe)Menstrual cycle abnormalitiesLow principal(a) body temperaturethyroid related depression(10,11)UncommonImpaired stockImpaired cognitive function (brain fog) and inattentiveness.A slow heart rate with ECG changes including low volt age signals. Diminished cardiac output and decreased contractilityslow reflexesYellowing of the skin due to impaired conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A (carotoderma)Difficulty swallowing(dysphagia)Shortness of breath with a shallow and slow respiratory pattern(dyphnea)myxedema madness (a rare presentation)Decreased libido due to impairment of testicular testosterone synthesisGynecomastia(enlarge breast tissue)Loss of hearing(10,11)Diagnosisthyroid function testthe only validation test diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxin (T4) level. However, these levels can be change without thyroid disease (10, 11).High TSH levels, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone levels (primarily thyroxin (T4) and a small amount of iodine Thyroid three original leucine (T3)). However, cadence just TSH can diagnose secondary and tertiary thyroid function loss, resulting in the following recommended a blood test, if the TSH is n ormal hypothyroidism remains skeptical(10,11).Free triiodothyronine (ft3)Free thyroxin (ft4) sum total T3Total T4Additionally, the following measurements may be neededFree T3 from 24-hour urine catchAntithyroid antibodies for demonstrate of autoimmune diseases that may be damaging the thyroid glandSerum cholesterol which may be elevated in hypothyroidismProlactin as a widely available test of pituitary functionTesting for anemia, including ferritinBasal body temperature(4,8,10)Exams and TestsA physical examination may reveal a littler than normal thyroid gland, although sometimes the gland is normal size or even enlarged (goiter). The examination may also revealBrittle nailsCoarse facial featuresPale or dry skin, which may be cool to the touchSwelling of the arms and legsThin and brittle hairA agency x-ray may show an enlarged heart (12, 13).Laboratory tests to determine thyroid function holdTSH testT4 test(10,12,13)Lab tests may also revealAnemia on a complete blood count (CB C)Increased cholesterol levelsIncreased liver enzymesIncreased prolactinLow sodium(8,13)TreatmentThe treatment of hypothyroidism is levorotatory forms of thyroxin (thyroid hormone) (L-T4) and triiodo thyroxin liothyronine (L-T3). liothyronine is a name, and in the USA, the most common form of thyroxin tablets. Thyroxin is a doctor of the most common drugs, wherein a synthetic thyroid hormone predetermined. This medicine can improve symptoms of thyroid deficiency such as speech delay, leave out of energy, weight gain, hair loss, dry skin, cold feeling. This will also help in the treatment of goiter. It can also be used to treat certain types of thyroid cancer, surgery and other medicines. Both synthetic and animal thyroid tablets available, and may be required in patients with the additional thyroid hormone (8, 10). periodical doses of thyroid hormone, doctors can varan blood pressure, in order to help ensure that the correct dose. Thyroxin is the best 30-60 minutes before breakf ast, because some foods can reduce preoccupation. Calcium can interfere with absorption levothryoxine. Compared with water, the coffee can be reduced about 30% of the absorption of thyroxin. Some patients may be anti-thyroxin, in fact, they do not have good absorption sheet to solve the problem by spraying. There are several different treatment options for thyroid replacement therapy (8, 10, 12, 13).T4 only such treatment methods include supplementary levothyroxin separately, a synthetic form. This is the current standard treatment of mainstream medicine.A junto of T4 and T3 in This treatment method involves the combination simultaneously manage two synthetic L-T4 and L-T3 (8, 10, 11).Dried thyroid excerptDried thyroid extract is an animal thyroid extract the most common is from porcine sources. It is also a combination therapy, tameing a natural form of L-T4 and L-T3.Dealing with controversialT4 T3 generation has been investigating the potential benefits, but has proved to be no conclusive combination therapy benefit. Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines in 2002, the clinical biochemical state of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences during pregnancy L-T4 dose should be increased (usually 50 micrograms / day) maintained at 0.5 2.0 mIU / L and serum serum TSH FT4 within the normal reference interval the upper third.Doctors tend to assume that if your TSH is in the normal range, sometimes defined as high as 5.5 MIU / L has no effect on fertility. But there is an approximately 1.0 MIU / L, TSH level in healthy pregnant women (8, 12, 13)Subclinical hypothyroidismthere are a series of biochemical and back breaker thyroxin treatment, the typical treatment of hypothyroidism symptoms views. Reference range has been debated. As of 2003, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (ACEE) that within the normal range of 0.3-3.0 MIU /L.There is always an excess risk of hyperthyroidism. Some studies suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism does not req uire treatment. In 2007, the Cochrane Collaboration, a meta-analysis found that, in addition to the no benefit of thyroid hormone replacement lipids and left ventricular function in 2002 meta-analysis checks whether subclinical hypothyroidism may increase the risk of heart disease increase, some of the parameters previously thought, a slight increase, and recommended to be updated for the current recommendations for further researchwith the end point of coronary heart disease (11, 12, 13).Replacement therapyThe connection has been a slow release combination of T3 and T4, supporters will be able to thyroid dysfunction symptoms and functional quality of life. This is still a outcome of debate, refused by the traditional medical community (3, 8, 10).Remember, the important thing when are taking thyroid hormone areDo not stop taking the drugs, and when you feel better. Continue the medication completely counseling of a doctor.If change the brand of thyroid drugs, let doctor know. leve ls may need to be checked.Some dietary changes can change your body absorb thyroid drugs. Contact your doctor, if you eat a make out of soy products, or in the high-fiber diet.Thyroid medicine best on an empty stomach, and if any other drugs before one hour.Do not take the thyroid hormone supplement fiber, calcium, iron, multivitamins, aluminum hydroxide, sulfuric acid agentive role, cholesterol, or in combination with a bile acid drugs(4,13).Start taking replacement therapy, the doctor tells, if there are symptoms of increased thyroid activity (hyperthyroidism), such asPalpitationsRapid weight lossRestlessness or shakinessSweatingMyxedema coma is a medical hint the thyroid hormone the body becomes very low. Intravenous replacement thyroid hormone and steroids. Some patients may need support therapy (oxygen, breathing assistance, fluid replacement) and intensive care (8, 10, 11).Outlook (prognosis)in most cases, thyroid levels to normal, and appropriate treatment. However, thyroi d hormone replacement for the rest of life.Myxedema coma can result in wipeout (12, 13).Possible complicationsHypothyroidism, myxedema coma, the most severe form is rare. This can be caused by infection, illness, exposure to cold, or certain medications in untreated hypothyroidism (12, 13).The symptoms and signs of myxedema coma includeroom temperatureReduce breathinglow blood pressureHypoglycemiaunresponsiveOther complications includeHeart diseaseIncreased risk of infectionInfertilityAbortion(8,12,13)Untreated hypothyroidism are at increased riskgave birth to birth defectsheart disease, the higher the level of LDL (bad cholesterol)heart failureToo much thyroid hormone treatment are at risk of angina or a heart attack, as well as the risk of osteoporosis(the bone thinning)(11,12,13).Network forethought System Light Weight SNMP ImplementationNetwork Management System Light Weight SNMP ImplementationChapter 6ImplementationInitially the java (JDK 1.6) and Netbeans IDE 5.4 should be installed in a system. Then the SNMP4J API should be added to the Netbeans library. The Mysql-JDBC sever should be added to the library for using the database purpose. Then the SNMP is tested in the same system for working condition, afterwards the destination thingumajigs are enabled with SNMP agent and are tested. The system should have the requirements as follows.6.1 About NetBeansNetBeans IDE is a developer tool for use development technologies. The IDE includes a multi- lecture editor, Profiler, Debugger and also tools for developer requirement. The IDE provides templates to create chocolate EE, coffee tree SE, and coffee tree ME exertions. A variety of technologies and frameworks are supported. The language-aware editor detects errors eyepatch you type and suggest user with documentation popups and smart autograph completion with the speed and simplicity. To identify and solve problems in your uses programmes, such as deadlocks and memory leaks, the IDE provides a f eature rich debugger and profiler.When user is testing drills, it provides tools for Testing, as well as code analyzers and, in particular, integration with the popular open source Error detecting tool.NetBeans is an integrated development purlieu (IDE) for developing primarily with Java, but also with other languages, in particular PHP,C/C++, and HTML5. It is also an application platform framework for Java desktop applications and others. The NetBeans IDE is written in Java and can run on Windows, OS X, Linux, Solaris and other platforms supporting a compatible JVM. The NetBeans course of study allows applications to be developed from a execute of modular software components called modules NetBeans began in 1996 as Xelfi (word play on Delphi), a Java IDE student come across under the guidance of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University in Prague. In 1997 Roman Stank formed a company around the project and produced commercial versions of the NetBeans IDE unt il it was bought by solarize Microsystems in 1999. temperateness opensourced the NetBeans IDE in June of the following year. Since then, the NetBeans community has continued to grow. In 2010, Sun (and thus NetBeans) was acquired by Oracle.6.1.1 NetBeans PlatformThe NetBeans Platform is a reusable framework for simplifying the development of Java Swing desktop applications. The NetBeans IDE bundle for Java SE contains what is needed to start developing NetBeans plugins and NetBeans Platform based applications no additional SDK is required. Applications can install modules dynamically. any(prenominal) application can include the Update Center module to allow users of the application to download sign upgrades and new features directly into the running application. Re episode an upgrade or a new release does not mash users to download the entire application again. The platform offers reusable services common to desktop applications, allowing developers to focus on the logic specific to their application. Among the features of the platform areUser interface circumspection (e.g. menus and toolbars).User settings management.Storage management (saving and loading any kind of data).Window management.Wizard framework (supports step-by-step dialogs).NetBeans Visual Library.Integrated development tools.NetBeans IDE is a free, open-source, cross-platform IDE with built-in-support for Java Programming Language.6.1.2 NetBeans IDENetBeans IDE is an open-source integrated development environment. NetBeans IDE supports development of all Java application types (Java SE(including JavaFX), Java ME, web, EJB and mobile applications) out of the box.ModularityAll the functions of the IDE are provided by modules. Each module provides a well defined function, such as support for the Java language, editing, or support for the CVS versioning system, and SVN. NetBeans contains all the modules needed for Java development in a single download, allowing the user to start working immedi ately. Modules also allow NetBeans to be extended. New features, such as support for other schedule languages, can be added by installing additional modules. For instance, Sun Studio, Sun Java Studio Enterprise, and Sun Java Studio Creator from Sun Microsystems are all based on the NetBeans IDE.6.2 Platform selectionJava is an object oriented application programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s.Java application is typically compiled to byte code, although compilation to native machine code is also possible. At runtime, byte code is usually either interpreted or compiled to native code for execution, although direct hardware execution of byte code by a java processor is also possible. The version of java used to run the application is JDK1.6.This is because the genus Apis used in this application specifies this requirement.6.2.1 Reasons for Using JavaJava was chosen as the programming language because of its versatility. It is an object oriented progra mming language with the following important features.a) Platform Independent-The concept of Write-once-run-anywhere (known as the platform independent) is one of the important learn feature of java language that makes java as the most powerful language. The programs written on one platform can run on any platform provided the platform must have the JVM.b) simplistic There are various features that make the java as a simple language. Programs are easy to write and debug because java does not use the pointers explicitly. Java provides the bug free system due to the strong memory management. It also has the automatic memory allocation and de-allocation system.c) Robust Java has the strong memory allocation and automatic garbage collection mechanism. It provides the powerful exception handling and type checking mechanism as compare to other programming languages. Compiler checks the program whether there are any errors and interpreter checks any run time error and makes the system s ecure from crash. All of the above features make the java language robust.d) Distributed The widely used protocols like HTTP and FTP are developed in java. Internet programmers can call functions on these protocols and can get access the files from any remote machine on the internet kinda than writing codes on their local system.e) Portable The feature Write-once-run-anywhere makes the java language portable provided that the system must have interpreter for the JVM. Java also has the standard data size irrespective of operating system or the processor. These features make the java as a portable language.f) Dynamic While carrying into action the java program the user can get the required files dynamically from a local drive or from a computer thousands of miles away from the user just by connecting with the Internet.g) Secure Java does not use memory pointers explicitly. All the programs in java are run under an area known as the sand box. Security manager determines the acces sibility options of a class like reading and writing a file to the local disk. Java uses the public key encryption system to allow the java applications to send out over the internet in the secure encrypted form. The byte code verifier checks the classes after loading.h) Performance Java uses native code usage, and lightweight process called threads. In the beginning interpretation of byte code resulted in the slow exercise but the advance version of JVM uses the adaptive and just in time compilation technique that improves the performance.i) Multithreaded Java is also a multithreaded programming language. Multithreading means a single program having different threads executing independently at the same time. Multithreading programming is a very interesting concept in Java. In multithreaded programs not even a single thread disturbs the execution of other thread.j) Architecture Neutral The Java compiler generates byte code instructions, to be easily interpreted on any machine a nd to be easily translated into native machine code on the fly. The compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format to enable a Java application to execute anywhere on the network and then the compiled code is executed on many processors, disposed the presence of the Java runtime system.6.3 About SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an applicationlayer protocolusedfor exchanging management knowledge between network devices.SNMP is one of the widely accepted protocols to manage and monitor network component parts. Most of the professionalgrade network elements come with bundled SNMP agent.In the following figure the SNMP manager, SNMP agents and MIBs (Management information base) are the major parts of architecture. Here the manager will send the get-next request for particular OID (object identifier) to the agent. The SNMP agent will retrieve the information from the MIB for a particular OID and will send the response to the manager. If any exemplificat ion message occurs in the agent side, agent will send the trap notifications to manager.6.4 Use of APIThe SNMP4J API should be added flop to the tool which the user is using in the project. It may be eclipse or Netbeans. Basically the APIs which needed in our project are JFreechart, Mysql and the SNMP4J.JFreechart APIs are added into the tool by their jar files, it should contain the JCommon and JFreechart JAR files and the documentation. These should be added into the library here. Mysql JDBC Connector JAR files should be added into the library for using the database.6.5 Modules of projectA) The following code snippet explains how the set of all the IP address and MAC address are retrieved for the given input piece. That is the all the devices connected to the particular switch is retrieved and stored.for (i = 0 i Node nodSwi = nodesSwi.item(i)if (nodSwi.getNode fiber() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) Element element = (Element) nodSwiString MacAddress = xjava.getValue(MacAddr, element)St ring MacAddressEnd = xjava.getValue(MacAddrEnd, element)out.println()out.println(SL no)out.println(IP Address)out.println(MAC Binding)stroid_result = MacAddressdo stroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddress, stroid_result, port)temp = stroid_result.substring(stroid_result.indexOf(.) + 20, stroid_result.length())ipA = temp.substring(temp.indexOf(.) + 1, temp.indexOf(=))MacAddr = temp.substring(temp.indexOf(=) + 2, temp.length())stroid_result = stroid_result.substring(0, stroid_result.indexOf(=) 1)if (stroid_result.contains(MacAddressEnd)) out.println( + ++i + )out.println( + ipA + )out.println( + MacAddr + ) while (stroid_result.contains(MacAddressEnd))out.println()out.println()out.println()B) The following code is typed and tested in the JSP file. Here the connectivity discovery module is explained and the connection between the ports and the devices are identified.stroid_result = MacAddressdo stroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddress, stroid_result, port)temp = stroid_result.substring(s troid_result.indexOf(.) + 20, stroid_result.length())ipA = temp.substring(temp.indexOf(.) + 1, temp.indexOf(=))MacAddr = temp.substring(temp.indexOf(=) + 2, temp.length())stroid_result = stroid_result.substring(0, stroid_result.indexOf(=) 1)if (stroid_result.contains(MacAddress))//Port Indexobjip_MacResultindex = new ClsOid_Input_Rslt()objip_MacResultindex.Str_Macaddress = MacAddrobjip_MacResultindex.Str_Ip = ipAm++index++ while (stroid_result.contains(MacAddrEnd))/*TO pound MAC ADDRESS AND PORT COUNT*/do stroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddress, stroid_result, port)temp = stroid_result.substring(stroid_result.indexOf(=) + 2, stroid_result.length())stroid_result = stroid_result.substring(0, stroid_result.indexOf(=) 1)if (stroid_result.contains(Mac))//Port Indexcount++ while (stroid_result.contains(MacEnd))ClsOid_Input_Rslt objMac_PortResultobjMac_PortResult = new ClsOid_Input_Rsltcount/*TO GET MAC ADDRESS AND PORT */do stroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddress, stroid_result, port)tem p = stroid_result.substring(stroid_result.indexOf(=) + 2, stroid_result.length())stroid_result = stroid_result.substring(0, stroid_result.indexOf(=) 1)if (stroid_result.contains(Mac))objMac_PortResultindex = new ClsOid_Input_Rslt()objMac_PortResultindex.Str_Mac = tempm++index++if (stroid_result.contains(PortNum))if (index n)index = (n 1)objMac_PortResultindex.Str_PortNum = tempn++index++ while (stroid_result.contains(MacEnd))HashMap map = new HashMap()/* TO GET IPADDRESS, MACADDRESS AND PORTS */out.println()out.println(IP ADDRESSPORT NUMBER)for (int Macportcount = 0 Macportcount String Macaddress = new String()String MacPort = new String()MacPort = objMac_PortResultMacportcount.Str_Macfor (int IpMaccount = 0 IpMaccount Macaddress = objip_MacResultIpMaccount.Str_Macaddressif (MacPort.equals(Macaddress))if (map.containsKey(objMac_PortResultMacportcount.Str_PortNum)) map.put(objMac_PortResultMacportcount.Str_PortNum, objip_MacResultIpMaccount.Str_Ip) else map.remove(objMac_PortResul tMacportcount.Str_PortNum)map.put(objMac_PortResultMacportcount.Str_PortNum, uplink)Set set = map.entrySet()for (Map.Entry me set)out.println( + me.getValue() + )out.println( + me.getKey() + )out.println()out.println()out.println()C) The following code is to explain about the device type discovery of the network. The device type and the switch type are identified using this code.stroid_result = Servicestroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddipCount, stroid_result, port)temp = stroid_result.substring(stroid_result.indexOf(=) + 2, stroid_result.length())stroid_result = stroid_result.substring(0, stroid_result.indexOf(=) 1)if (temp.contains(7) temp.contains(6))out.println(Switch Type L3 ) else out.println(Switch Type L2 )/*code for Type of Switch ENDS*//* the device type discovery code starts from here*/stroid_result = namestroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddress, stroid_result, port)if (stroid_result.indexOf(=) 0) out.println()stroid_result = printstroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddress, s troid_result, port)stroid_result = stroid_result.substring(0, stroid_result.indexOf(=) 1)if (stroid_result.contains(print)) out.println()out.println() else stroid_result = Numberofuserstroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddress, stroid_result, port)stroid_result = stroid_result.substring(0, stroid_result.indexOf(=) 1)if (stroid_result.contains(Numberofuser)) out.println()out.println() else out.println()out.println()stroid_result = namestroid_result = ip.CreateOID(ipAddress, stroid_result, port)temp = stroid_result.substring(stroid_result.indexOf(=) + 2, stroid_result.length())out.println( + temp + )out.println()out.println()6.6 Execution partHere JDK 1.6 with Netbeans 6.9.1 tool is used, SNMP API(SNMP4J) 11, and Jfreechart for graphical representation. The system is developed and tested on Red Hat Linux 5.4 operating system with 2.80-GHz, Intel Pentium 4 CPU with 512 MB RAM.The approach is tested in the subnet of a network or can say that department of an organisation. In this subnet f ound number of devices connected to the switches, their details and also the connection between them. These are tested multiple times and physically verified. The problem we faced is that some devices are having multiple Mac Addresses so it is difficult for the system to find the connectivity of the device to port. Except this everything is working well enough. The major thing done is when the device is not supporting for SNMP then tried to get the details of that system by ICMP echo requests.The time taken to discover the devices connected to switch are compared with the previous research. And it is very less compared to other research. In very short time nearly 8-9 seconds we can discover all the devices connected to the switch in the network.