Transantional Media Essay Example for Free

Transantional Media Essay incomingThe media has tactical manoeuvreed a truly crucial role in the transformation of people, their culture and lifestyles mankind everywhere. The media itself has been on constant revolution with some growing to become big multinational or transnational corporations. This increment and evolution has been necessitated by a few occurrenceors among them being The shifting personal credit line environmentThe changes in chat technologyThe changes taking place in terms of politicsEmergence of spheric business and the g everywherenment issue of common market places equivalent Free-Trade agreements such as NAFTA andEasy export and import of business culture and business interestsTake an example of the Snow White and the seven dwarfs in the early 1930s and the Disney world in the early 30s. The Disneyland of now for example is a whole world of wonders consisting of MoviesMuseumMobileArksShop goggle boxRadioSatelliteRecordsMusic On IceMusic on B roadwayCruisesResorts andAmusementThis means that the order created by such a transnational media would not notwithstanding be felt in the obtain country plainly world over as well. To this end however, it would not be wise to background the role the media corporations play without critic on the wholey behavioring into the effect the very existence and expansion of such corporations c all told for on the society in general. This is because the society of today values cultivation significantly as a vital product in the market, Gershon R. A. (2000)The other issue is that these media corporations atomic number 18 traversing a world with contrasting cultures and lifestyles merely they themselves consume a central origin with a particular culture. Therefore it would be good to deal if they could influence others by such cultures and ultimately change their ways of living. What would be the reaction of the locals? Would they pass up such external influence? How would they try to resist and would such granting immunity be effective or winning? These are some of the questions this article will examine and the master(prenominal) reason is because the world comprises people of divers(prenominal) preferences, tastes, fashion and who live on diverse culture divides.What unitary culture might resist as not worth taking another culture may find no toughy in its daily course of events and societys mode of life. It may be even a overserious challenge where such different cultures exist in such a way that they are mingled up and it is unwieldy to isolate or selectively come up with a particular group and convey to placed it in a particular culture. It is also good to remember that the world, collect to such expert bring outments such as the advent of the computer era and transnational media, has become such a infinitesimal village in such a manner that people in the US, UK, Africa and Far vitamin E tract or live on similar divide.DiscussionThe me dia imperialism thesis has for long argued against the expansion of Western media. It has well-kept that such an expansion especially creating roots into the developing world has had capacious consequences resulting in the supremacy over the developing countries national media environments. The consequences of such domination would be to destroy the indigenous media production of the developing countries, (Kalyani Chadha, 2000).However, fit to history, societies which live under despotic regimes created by superimposing media have constantly come up with alternative forms of chat as instruments of subversion. Most common forms include the use of underground bare-assedspapers though the issue is even stainless further with the fact that the there are more than than sophisticated colloquy technologies in the modern world.These new communication technologies have made it possible for transnational media and the citizen to participate amicably with great empowerment. It should b e cognise that the transnational media has also been of great help in helping the citizens to creatively exploit new media to resist state propaganda roiled out through the mainstream media, (Moyo, D. 2007).Critical scholars time and again view media concentration as an expression of corporate free enterprise that is, influential media owned and sustained by wealthy orphic interests. In liberal democracies, the media exerts its power and ability to influence the lifestyles of people through performance of three main duties. They act as watchdogs on governments provide conduits for the two-way flow of information between the people and their government, and eventually they act as source of information for the professed free bazaar of ideas, (Mowlana, H. (1996). world(prenominal) communication in transition The end of diversity. London Sage).Critical potentiometer in media industries is what this article is all about with empirical rationality being a critical point of examinat ion. Great emphasis lies on emerging production centers like the Hollywood and the manner in which such media productions penetrate their businesses into other frontier market like East Asia and Africa. In order to deduce the issue much better it is good to examine the maturement models utilise by emerging media economies. More specifically, the framework critiques approaches that argue that world(prenominal) integration is normatively disadvantageous to peripheral industries and societies. These growth models areDe-territorialization Media,(low-cost outsourcing)Isomorphism (cloning culture)Cultural technology transfer (co-productions and franchise agreements)Niche markets (breakthroughs) andCultural or industrial milieu (local clusters).Culture Society 2006 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks and sensitive Delhi),Economic and organizational factors are the major(ip) lead forces causing cultural world(prenominal)ization. Yet this cultural globalization must have an org anizational infrastructure. A form of such globalization comes about as a product of the actions of media and entertainment organizations based in advanced countries and whose production and distribution of film, television, and popular music creates a certain global dominance which essentially depends on the economic standing of the media mother country rather than the cultural factors.And thats why American firms in particular have profited from the size of their national market and the fact that funds for investment are available. gum olibanum a minute number of media corporations, based in a few Western countries, get over the production and global distribution of television, film, book publishing and popular music. Due to deregulation of national media industries and issuing of new technologies, global media market has developed. In this oligopolistic market the level of investment required to enter the market is so high, due to high costs of production and distribution.Dev eloping countries are locked out in a competition by the developed ones thus it makes it easy for those vertically integrated corporations to make huge earnings by selling very similar product in different media thereby influencing the people in all areas books, films, theater movies, cable television, CD- rom and others. The films which are expensively produced capitalize on technical effects that are much concerned with action, stunt and violence rather than character and emotion. This is because action films have a greater impact since they are simple to understand in diversity considering the diversity of languages spoken crosswise the globe.Hindrances and Local ResistanceBefore looking at the effect and extend of local resistance, we should keenly look at some of the forces that have hindered the development and influence of the transnational media in the different parts of the world. As we had seen earlier, the transnational media corporations we have today have undergone s everal stages of development through a series of prohibitions. Thus in a world of competition we expect some to prosper and others to flop. This is the reason as to why there are those that have grown while others have not. Those that grew are the ones that withstood the challenges.In the beginning of the want to expand their influence, the media had a lot of trouble due to technical impediments that existed between the developed and the yet to develop nations. This meant that the influence could not penetrate easily to the required level. For example the fact that some nations had developed major planet while others depended on the cable for communication. And in fact communication in some countries was still very underdeveloped and therefore installation had to take place before further penetration- Richeri (1994)Another hindrance was the fact that there was a great divide caused by linguistic obstacle. Considering this, you find that there was a great difference in the time of news broadcast, type and structure of news especially given that the equivalent reporter cannot present all the news. Thirdly, there were financial obstacles which were as a result of the difficulty with which advertisement could be put into one platform to satisfy a wide range of audience with different needs.Lastly we meet the cultural obstacle. People have varied cultures which they want to preserve at all costs and would try to resist any force which may intend to change their culture. This local resistance still meets various challenges especially which are policy-making and technological. Most governments have deregulated their broadcasting and this has had the following consequencesA shift from human race to private mediaNormative goals have shifted to commercial goalsA movement from political trunk to the market modelA shift from national media to transnational operatorsThe above points imply that the media has become more liberal, now having owners, administrators and advertisers and the fact that political influence is not uncommon. Therefore local resistance becomes a difficult task to accomplish. However, transnational medias political aspects have remained a thing of the past or in all failed or have survived precariously as a preserve of the business or political elite. collins (1996)However, some argue that the success of transnational media in influencing the culture of the world will fail automatically given the cultural diversity. It is argued further that due to vast dissimilar languages, diverse cultures, political practices and even trends in media usage attempts by the transnational media to influence the world culture would fail even if there were no attempts to interrupt such an influence. This is because for it to succeed effectively, it would require an existence of uniform political world, a world with one language, the one with homogeneous cultures or lifestyle.Yet creation of such a society is not or so possible as consensu s would not be probable. Although there are those who hold that the emergence of a global public sphere is already imminent and as such, they maintain, it is possible that a uniform cultured world is achievable or already being achieved. For example, based on this argument, they say that the public, its opinion and the world political system is already under a strong influence of the global communication rather than a particular political state or system. (Volkmer, 1999 119)Skeptics have their view. Political economic tradition criticism maintains that global media corporations play an increasingly imperative role in that they in reality control media industries all over the world. These changes are primarily caused by commercial and industrial momentum thus both culture and communication becomes more profit-oriented and product-driven. (Schiller, 1993 also Spark, 1998).Another faction of the skeptics holds that based on cultural and institutional analysis of the actual processes w hich lead to development of the transnational media, transnational media does not have a wide reach but rather regional such that even within its primary reach it is yet to make a universal penetration, (e.g. Collins, 1994, 1996 1998 Schlesinger, 1993 1999).In addition, you find that in most countries the usage of transnational media channels is restricted only to the well educated cadres and the business or political elites and mostly only applicable as a back-up to the national news channels viewed by a majority. According to this view it means that international media corporations cannot play a worthwhile role in formation or creation of a world public sphere or global culture.But there is still a point to consider in our argument. Technological development led to globalization especially invention of satellite which contributed to the development of mass media and more so electronic media which rather created a global village. Therefore people interacted and lived on a global scale since space and time barriers in human communication were collapsed. For example as mentioned in the earlier part, Disney culture can be found in many countries today in the world due to the Globalization of Culture different audiences can be brought different cultural experiences.Thus people in Japan, China and other far Eastern countries have learnt about Christmas Day, Valentines Day much from mass media making such events more popular in those parts of the world. Today, Disney is among the largest media and most popular entertainment corporations cognize in the world. Yet this Disney has been part of Americas cultural identity. This shows an example of how transnational media has influenced culture across the globe. Disney Theme Parks for example are found in Hong Kong, Tokyo and Paris showing a transfer of this culture from the original cradle to other countries despite it being commercialized.On the other hand, profits incites a globalization of both public sphere an d news media. It enables more interactive passage of information via its bidirectional communicative Technology, that is, Online Chat, e-mail and etc- C. Barker, (1999).ConclusionThe hindrances that earlier on faced the expansion and influence of the transnational media corporations are no longer effective as the world becomes more liberal in discussion of its affairs. Hence, as media companies of today grow persistently and continuously keep expanding, the challenges of staying competitive globally become all the time more difficult but the corporations use strategic planning to deal with environmental kinetics that affect their business. This means that penetration of other cultures in a region is not as difficult as it used to be earlier on when it had just started making in roots. Linguistic obstacle that used to be is no longer a problem since people are able to understand gestures, picture motions and other physical aspects of communication even if language is not availed a udio- visual effects of todays communication C. Barker, (1999).This therefore implies that local resistance would not be sufficient to counter the effects and impact of multinational media corporations in influencing cultural aspects of the world we live in today. Information is a major product on high demand and the way this information is channeled to the end user will have a significant impact on the behavior of the user after reception of the information.Thus so far, as we acknowledge the role played by the media in reducing the global geographical length between societies, individuals and cultural spheres, we need to also accept that it will be impracticable to curtail it from creating a global sphere. Hence continued dominance of the transnational media corporations in the world media market is a reliable threat to the cultural diversity that exists at present yet local resistance has been made impossible unless political interventions are signed out, which are also prone failure- Akwule, R. Global (1992).ReferencesPlaton and M. Deuze Indymedia Journalism A constitutional Way of Making, Selecting and Sharing News? Journalism, August1,2003 4(3) 336 355.Gershon A. R. Communication Department, Western Michigan University.Publication Journal of Media Economics, April 2000 13 (2) 81 101Abshire, D. M. transnational broadcasting Western diplomacys new dimension of. Beverly Hills, CA Sage. (1976).Akwule, R. Global telecommunications The technology, politics, and administration. Boston Focal Press. (1992).Goff, H. D. A. B. Albarran, (Eds.). Understanding the Web Social, economic, and political dimensions of the Internet. Ames, Iowa ISU Press. (2000).Alexander, A. et al. (Eds.). Media economics Theory and practice (2nd). New tee shirt Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, (1998).Megamedia A.D. Dominance of Giant Corporations in Mass Media, How competition is distorted and democracy endangered. Lanham, MD Rowman Litlefield(1998).Miller A. D. International communi cation and international power, New York St. Martins Press. (1995).Bagdikian, H. B. The monopoly of the media (5th ed.). NY Beacon Press. (1997).Barker, (1999). Television, globalization and cultural identities. London Open University Press.Schlesinger B, E. The Media and Conglomerates. New York New Press. (1998).Spark, The global village Dead or alive? Ohio BGP Press, (1998).