Stearns Book Chapter 1 Notes - 894 Words

Notes from Stearns’ text book World Civilization 1:1 The Neolithic Revolution (10-13) †¢ Farming initially developed in the Middle East, the Fertile Crescent. Grains such as barley and wild wheat were abundant. Also, not heavily forested, and animals were in short supply, presenting a challenge to hunters. 10,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE. Notice: it took thousands of years for this â€Å"revolution† so not fast but profound for history. Agriculture was hard for many hunting and gathering peoples to adopt – lots of work. Those in agricultural communities developed diseases, which they became immune. The agricultural people would unintentionally infect the hunters. †¢ Americas agriculture began as early as 5,000 BCE, especially in Central†¦show more content†¦o Indus had trading contact with Mesopotamia, but developed own alphabet (not deciphered yet) and art forms o Invasion by Indo-Europeans resulted in complete destruction of this culture o Hwange He developed in considerable isolation. 1) organized state regulated irrigation in the fertile but flood prone river valley; 2) by 2000 BCE technology = ride horses and skilled pottery, used bronze, used iron and coal by 1000 BCE; 3) art had delicate designs and early music; 4) by 1500 BCE Shang ruled over the Hwange He valley 5) harmony with nature, opposite of Mesopotamians stressing a gap between humankind and nature 1:3 The Heritage of the river Valley Civilizations (24-28) †¢ Legacy of Ancient River Valley o India, ignorance about possible links and what came later (invasion) o China, definite connection b/c Zhou took over from the Shang about 1000 BCE, ruling a loose coalition of regional lords; recorded history flowed smoothly o Mesopotamia and Egypt points are below †¢ God like King (Romans emulated), city-state gov’t began in M.E., slavery, scientific advancements (measuring time, charting stars), temple building by Egyptian (influence Crete and Greek styles) †¢ Other smaller groups of the Middle East o Phoenicians devised a simplified alphabet with 22 letters around 1300 BCE became the predecessor of Greek and Latin alphabets. 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