Meiosis Modeling Activity Essay

Background InformationMeiosis is the process by which eukaryotic organisms lay down egg and sperm having half the genetic information (haploid) of the other cells in the organisms soundbox (diploid). You allow for notice just about similarities to mitosis but some definite differences in meiosis that result in genetic diversity in the gametes as well as the offspring formed by the ultimate fusion of the egg and sperm.Two of the most noted differences in meiosis ar that 1) there are devil complete divisions resulting in four young woman cells and, 2) meiosis has crossing over, an even that occurs in Prophase I that increases genetic variation in the gametes. Crossing over occurs betwixt homologous chromosomes. These are the meets of chromosomes in an organisms body that carry genes for the same trait located at identical positions on the two chromosomes. Even though they carry the same gene they may, however, possess diametrical alleles for the gene which result in differe nt forms of the trait.Pre-Lab1. Draw a tetrad in the space below and label the following centromeres, sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes.2. What are the two atoms of meiosis that add variation to our population? (Hint one occurs in prophase I and the other in metaphase I).3. Which of the chromosomes 2-5 could be homologous with chromosome 1? Explain your answer. I think number 5 because it is the exact same as 1.Lab1. First view the recording on my message board under auxiliary Learning Materials for this lab. You will need the code words from the recording for one of your conclusion questions. Link to recordinghttp//www.connectionslivelesson.com/p2fwrdno8yk/ 2. After you r all(prenominal) viewed the recording, gather your required materials. You will need 4 forks, 4 knives, 4 spoons, 6 rubber bands, and some twine or string to use as cell membrane. If you can have two different types of flatware that would be best (for example 2 forks, 2 knives, and 2 spoons that are diff erent than the other set of 2 forks, 2 knives, and 2 spoons). 3. Your model cell consists of 6 chromosomes (3 homologous pairs). go for the string to form the cell membrane for your cell(s). Begin with two forks, two knives, and two spoons (one of each from each set) inside your string cell membrane as shown in the recording. Proceed through each of the steps of meiosis using your flatware chromosomes. Use the textbook pages 324-325 for help. PhaseModelingInterphaseReplicate the DNA of your chromosomes by adding a second fork, knife, or spoon to each existing fork, knife, and spoon. Hold each pair of chromatids together with a rubber band (centromere). Prophase ICreate tetrads (XX) by pairing homologous chromosomes (set them next to each other). Model crossing over as best you can given the model we are using. Metaphase ILine up your tetrads along the metaphase plate. Model independent assortment. Anaphase IMove the homologous chromosomes to gelid ends of the cell. Telophase IYou should have three chromosomes, knife, fork, and spoon, (each composed of two chromatids) in each of your two nuclei. Cytokinesis IDivide your cell membrane so that you have two daughter cells (two string circles for cells). Prophase IICheck to make sure that each of your two cells contains three chromosomes made up of sister chromatids. Metaphase IILine your chromosomes up along the middle of each of your cells. Anaphase IISeparate your sister chromatids (remove rubber band holding them together). Move one sister chromatid from each chromosome to opposite sides of your cell. Telophase IIYou should now have four nuclei, with three single chromosomes in each of thecells. Cytokinesis IIDivide your cell membranes so that you have four daughter cells (use much string).DataTake 3 photos or create 3 drawings of your model as it looked in 3 different stages of meiosis as described in the table above. Indicate which stage of meiosis is shown in each photo/drawing. Include the photos or a sc an of the sketches when you upload your lab to the drop box. end point (6 points)1. List the two code words that were given in the lab recording found on my message board.Chromosomes and fertilization2. Does mitosis more closely correspond meiosis I or meiosis II? Explain your answer.More like Meiosis I because it only made two cells.3. What is crossing over? When does it occur during meiosis? Why did you have difficulty modeling this element of meiosis using your chromosomes?Crossing over is the process in which homologous chromosomes give-and-take portions of their chromatids during meiosis. It occurs during prophase I. I had a hard time because you cant really change the chromosomes so it was difficult to show.4. Think about your modeling. Visually, what is the major difference between the separation of chromosomes between anaphase I and anaphase IIThere were four to separate then just two.5. What is independent assortment? When does it occur during meiosis? Howdid you model th is element of meiosis?6. Which part of meiosis, meiosis I or meiosis II, is responsible for reducing the chromosome number by half in the cell? MEIOSIS II