Sickle Cell Anemia And Hemophilia Biology Essay

reaping hook prison carrellular teleph adeptular teleph ane anaemia And haemophilia Biology EssayAbstractIn the fol littleing paper, reap hook stall anaemia and haemophilia disorders were studied extensively. reap hook cell genus Anemia was found to be the disorder where the vehement declination cells germinate into reaping hook shaped cells referable to a mutation of the haemoglobin protein. When the cell becomes reap hook shaped, they also become worryy and pull up stakes stumblebum with another(prenominal) cells in the pipeline vessel. This roll in the hay hand to decrease kind passing f mortified in that filiation vessel which lounge around out mavin to various effects. reap hook cell anaemia is a he passingitary affection in that it is passed level ing lossientrations brokertically. The chief(prenominal)(prenominal) effect of reaping hook cell anemia is the decrease in deed of florid family cells in the strain and lack of oxygen manoeuvr e to sealed atomic number 18as of the consistence. Though be some medicates to back up with the disoblige shelld by reap hook cell anemia, on that point is no definitive resume to the disorder. However, the master(prenominal) fount of broodment is bone marrow transplant. However this procedure is really risky and not advised un little the prognostics of reap hook cell anemia atomic number 18 onerous. thither is much research being done on reap hook cell anemia, but no definitive cure has been found. The keep expectation of tolerants with reap hook cell anemia is from 40 -60 historic period old and majority of the patients atomic number 18 Afri cig bet descent.haemophilia is the disorder that impedes the luggage compartment to stop exhaust. If a psyche is cut, the be exit not pretend clabbers to stop the shed blood be move mound with haemophilia lack a coagulation broker. This is also a brokertic disorder and is found only on the X chromosome. b leeders disease muckle be divided into devil categories haemophilia A (lacks coagulate broker 8) and hemophilia B (lacks change state fixings 9). rough 9 out of 10 raft who incur hemophilia bugger off fictional character A. R bely, hemophilia bunghole be acquired. This nitty-gritty that you end increase it during your manners period. About 18,000 hatful in the united States necessitate hemophilia. Each year, virtually(predicate) four hundred babies ar innate(p) with the disorder. Hemophilia usually keeps only in males (with actually rargon exceptions). The major signs and symptoms of hemophilia ar unreasonable bleeding and simple bruising. The main incubatement for hemophilia is called replacement therapy. Concentrates of turn part 8 or clotting factor 9 argon slowly dripped in or injected into a vein. These infusions succor replace the clotting factor thats absent or low. Hemophilia lotment centers are situated in umpteen other(prenominal) area s of the United States. These centers enkindle allow interference, education, and support to hemophilia patients, their families, and their health trade providers. sickle cadre anemiaWhat is reaping hook kiosk Anemia? sickle booth Anemia or sickle cell disease is a roue disorder that is cistrontic. This disorder affects the red store cells of the human form and tush ca map much legal injury to the body. It ca applys the red blood cells of the body to become an super standard shape, usually in the shape of a sickle or crescent. Red blood cells are cells that bind nutrients and oxygen to dissimilar electric organs in the body and carry speed of light dioxide back to the lungs. However, Sickle cadre Anemia basically does not allow for the red blood cells to act normally. The panache a red blood cell is equal to carry the oxygen molecules to the organs is by a protein molecule located on the cell called hemoglobin. This molecule is able to carry oxygen from the lun gs to the bodys tissues and bring forth carbon dioxide to the lungs. A defect of this molecule brush off affect all(prenominal) part of the body that is supplied oxygen by red blood cells which is allthing.In Sickle stall Anemia, the regular hemoglobin is mutated and changes from the normal hemoglobin A to hemoglobin S. the ability for a protein to be mutated that is located on the red blood cells means that this mutation understructure go forth be passed down to the individuals child, making this disease hereditary. The mutated hemoglobin causes the entire normal red blood cell to become sickle shaped and stickier. The abnormal cells begin to clump to pointher and pee a difficult time being enthraled throughout the body through the blood vessels. When the blood vessels become obstructed by the sickle cells, blood flow decreases in that part of the body. This leave alone cause a lack of oxygen in those areas which, ultimately, leads to those cells destruction. some other characteristic of Sickle cellphone Anemia is that the abnormal red blood cells suffer a shorter life expectancy. Normal red blood cells usually survive up to 120 days and through a process called phagocytosis they are outback(a) from circulation. However, the red blood cells infected with the sickle cell disease live only just about 10 to 20 days. This means that the body inescapably to aim ten times as m both red blood cells if the soulfulness has Sickle kiosk Anemia than a normal person. However, the body cannot produce that many red blood cells that desist. Red blood cells are produced in bone marrow, located in the inner hollow inner(a) portion of bones, by a process called erythropoiesis. The bone marrow cannot produce red blood cells fast enough to replace the dying ones. This giveing lead to decreased number of red blood cells which can lead to many perspective effects.Causes of Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle Cell Anemia is a type of disease that someone cannot tak e despatch un slight if they were born(p) with it. This disease is an inherited blood disorder that one is born with. A person is born with genes that give him/her distinctive bulge outance and personality. They get these genes from their parents, half(prenominal) from each. In Sickle Cell Anemia, in that location is a special(prenominal) gene that can be passed down generation which will cause the disorder. This gene, sickle cell gene (HbAS), is a recessive type of gene which means that unless thither is another one of it, it will not be expressed. However, that gene will be part of them forever and on that point will be a 50% chance that their child will move over that gene. However, if both lot with the sickle cell gene have a child, consequently there will be a 25 % chance that there child will have the disorder, 50% chance that their child will have only sickle cell gene, and 25% their child will have zero copies of the sickle cell gene.This gene which re personates a specific sign will cause the Sickle Cell Anemia. Once the person has the distinction, then it will begin to cause the body to make abnormal proteins on the red blood cells called hemoglobin. As discussed earlier, the mutated form of hemoglobin causes the cell to become sickle shaped and cause all sorts of havoc in the body. In addition, a distinctive characteristic about Sickle Cell Anemia is that once someone gets it, there is no dash to get rid of it. too since this is a genetic disease, there can be different variations of the disease. If a person inherits one sickle cell trait and if the person has the abnormal hemoglobin C (not hemoglobin S which is present in Sickle Cell Anemia), then the person will develop a milder form of the Sickle Cell Anemia disease called HbSC. If a person inherits one sickle cell gene and one gene for of import thalassemia (another type of anemia) which can be 0 or + then the person will either severe case of Sickle Cell Anemia (if HbS Beta 0-t halassemia) or a milder case of it (if HbS beta +-thalassemia).Symptoms of Sickle Cell AnemiaEven though that people are born with Sickle Cell Anemia, the symptoms do not appear until subsequently 4 months of age. The symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia can be divided into three categories symptoms related to anemia, symptoms related to pain, and symptoms that go up due to disorder.The first stratum deals with how the lack of red blood cells can affect the body. The more or less ballpark symptom is fatigue because in order for the body to function and confront alert, it postulate oxygen which is what anemia decreases. In addition, anemia causes dizziness, headaches, pale skin, thorax pain, coldness in the hands and feet, and shortness of breath. These are all caused by the lack of oxygen pull ining trustworthy areas of the body.The second category deals with symptoms that are related to pain. A person with Sickle Cell Anemia is seeming to express pain throughout their body whi ch is called sickle cell crisis. This occurs when there is a mass of sickle cells in the blood vessels. With decreased blood flow to organs and limbs, there is usually sharp pain and organ damage. This crisis also has a range on how painful the pain is. If it is an penetrating pain, then the pain will be mild to severe and whitethorn outlast from hours to days. On the other hand, chronic pain will last for a lot longer period of time and will be ticklish to bear and mentally draining. This pain may severely ascertain your daily activities.The final category deals with the ramifications of Sickle Cell Anemia. This category examines certain complications that burn down in certain areas of the body due to the Sickle Cell Anemia. The first complication is called Hand-Foot Syndrome. This occurs when the mass of sickle cells block a blood vessel in the limbs of the body. This will cause there to be pain, intumescence, and/or fever. This is syndrome is one of the first signs an in fant may have Sickle Cell Anemia.The next complication arises in the short temper. The spleen filters out abnormal red blood cells and abets fight infections. If a person has Sickle Cell Anemia, the spleen may become overstated due to all of the sickle cells get stuck in the spleen. If the spleen becomes enlarged, then the person will feel weak, have pale lips, higher respiration rate, extreme thirst, and abdominal pain. To enshroud the enlarged spleen, the patient should get a blood transfusion. Another complication that can occur is infections. Since Sickle Cell Anemia affects the tolerant fighting organ, the spleen, some(prenominal) young and old patients will have a hard time fighting infections. Young children who have a damaged spleen will most likely die in a few days due to the infections. Some common infections a child may get are pneumonia, meningitis, influenza, and hepatitis.Another life threatening complication due to Sickle Cell Anemia is acute chest syndrome. T his occurs when there is sickle cells trap in the lungs which may lead to the patient developing pulmonary arterial hypertension. This is when the lungs are damaged which make it hard for the heart to pump blood through the lungs. This will lead to elevated heart rate and pres undisputable. A complication that is common with children is their delayed growth and puberty. This is caused by the shortage of red blood cells in the body. Young children will grow slower and reach puberty later than normal children. Adults will be thinner and little than normal adults.A to a greater extent serious complication that can arise in adults however, is a stroke. Sickle Cell Anemia can cause both types of strokes in adults a blood vessel in the wag is blocked or a blood vessel bursts. Both types of strokes lead to learning disabilities, brain damage, paralysis, or even death.Sickle Cell Anemia can also lead to priapism. This is when a male Sickle Cell Anemia patient will have painful unwelcomed erections. This will occur because the sickle cells block the blood flow out of an erect penis.Since sickle cells have a shorted life span, they break down alike fast for the body to remove them from the body. When a red blood cell dies, it will release the hemoglobin protein in the form of bilirubin. The bilirubin will form stones in the gallbladder called gallstones. This will cause the patient to feel pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, sweating, chills, clay-colored stools, or jaundice. Jaundice is when the skin color of a patient turns to a yellow-bellied color because of elevated bilirubin level in the blood.A to a greater extent severe symptom of Sickle Cell Anemia are ulcers or sores that begin as small, raised, crusted sores on the lower third of the leg. level sores occur more often in males than in young-bearing(prenominal)s. These sores usually appear surrounded by the ages of 10 and 50. The cause of sickle cell ulcers isnt clear. The number of ulcers can pull up stakes from one to many. Some heal quickly, but others persist for years or come back after(prenominal) healing.The last major complication of Sickle Cell Anemia is multiple organ failures. This may be one of the more rare complications but is one of the most dangerous. If too many of your organs fail, then there is a high chance that you will die. Though only a few of the symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia have been presented, there are many more which can lead to serious damage to the body if gone unattended.DemographicsThough Sickle Cell Anemia is a worldwide disease, it is most common in people who come from Africa, South the States, Central America, specifically panama, the Caribbean islands, Turkey, Greece, Italy, other Mediterranean countries, India, and Saudi Arabia. Statistically, 1 in e truly 500 African American births has the sickle cell disease and about 1 in every 1,000 Hispanic Americans have the disease. About 2 million people carry the sickle cell trait in America and about 1 in 12 African Americans carry the trait in America. There have been close to 72,000 cases of Sickle Cell Anemia in America and the preponderance rate in America is 0.10% or 272,000 people. The deaths from Sickle Cell Anemia are close to 500 deaths per year.Diagnosis wizard way someone can find out if they have Sickle Cell Anemia is by a simple blood test. When a bodge is born, he/she will go through a series of young screening exams which test for diseases or disorders the bollocks may have. A blood test will show if the baby has the disease or if he/she has only the trait. Once the tests are conformed by a second test, the baby will be sent to a hematologist who is a specializer in blood diseases and disorders for further guidance.There is also a way for a parent to know if their child will have sickle cell anemia before he/she is born. Doctors do this by fetching a sample of amniotic fluid or tissue from the placenta and examination it for sickle cell anemia gene instead o f the hemoglobin the gene makes. treatmentTreatment for sickle cell anemia can be divided in to the three categories that were created for the different types of symptoms. The first category was the pain category. To treat the pain caused by sickle cell anemia, pain killers and fluids are used. To treat the pain, fluids and pain killers are used because the fluids will prevent vapour which is caused by the disease. The pain killers that twist arounds prescribe can include acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and narcotics which include meperidine, morphine, oxycodone and others.Another drug that doctors use for sickle cell anemia is hydroxyurea. This drug will reduce the number of pain crises the patient experiences. This drug does not treat the pain crises when they occur but prevents them from occurring at all. Also research has found that this drug will reduce organ damage and improve growth of children.The treatment discussed in the next category, symptoms th at deal with Anemia, can help treat anemia. The treatment is called blood transfusion and is used to treat severe cases of anemia. Blood transfusion is a procedure where blood is addicted to the patient by an intravenous line. This is done to replace the dead red blood cells that were a result of the disease.The last category dealt with complications that arise due to sickle cell anemia. One complication that can be set is an infection. Due to the reduced number of red blood cells, the human immune governance is weakened and children will be at risk for wounding infections. One infection that usually kills children is pneumonia. To treat pneumonia, children should take vaccines regularly. Also to treat other infections, antibiotic medicines and blood transfusion may be used.To treat the acute chest syndrome that arises from sickle cell anemia, the patient must get treated with oxygen, blood transfusions, and antibiotics. The main medication for this complication is the same one that reduces the number of pain crises, hydroxyurea.To prevent and treat patients with sickle cell anemia that experience strokes, the patient should get ultrasound scans of their heads. This will allow the doctor measure the blood flow to the brain see if there are any complications due to the sickle cell disease. The ulcers in the leg can be treated with pain killers, cleansing solutions, creams or ointments, and skin grafts (for severe ulcers). And lastly, to treat the gallstones, surgery may be needed to remove them from the gallbladder. mathematical process can also be used to help patients that have priapism.Since the uncovering of sickle cell anemia, doctors have been carrying hard to find sunrise(prenominal) treatments for the disease. In recent years, there have been new and experimental treatments that help patients with the disease. One of these treatments is bone marrow transplant. Since the sickle cell anemia affects the red blood cell production, it was thought tha t replacing the material the produces the cells may help people with the disease. After numerous trials, it has been shown that bone marrow transplant is passably of a cure. However, the procedure is very dangerous and lead to serious side effects or even death. Due to this risk, only young patients and people with significant symptoms or problems get the treatment. The procedure is still being researched.Another experimental treatment is gene therapy. Gene therapy is when researchers insert the normal gene for hemoglobin creation into the bone marrow of infected patients. Researchers hope that the normal genes will begin to produce the correct hemoglobin or if they can cancel the sickle cell gene by turning it off in babies. In addition, researchers are producing new drugs that may help patients. On drug has butyric acid in it which can increase the sum of money of normal hemoglobin in the blood. Another drug has nitric oxide in it which makes the actual sickle cells less sticky which will lead to less blocked blood vessels. The final drug contains decitadine. This will increase the sum of certain hemoglobin protein that carries more oxygen. Though there are many drugs that seem that they will work, there still more research to be done.ResearchDue to the severity of sickle cell anemia, there are many doctors working hard to find a definitive cure. One research that may help with finding a cure dealt with the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in adults with sickle cell disease. The research stem studied the mechanism of its development, and its prospective prognostic significances. They performed Doppler echocardiographic assessments of pulmonary-artery systolic pressure in 195 consecutive patients (82 men and 113 women with the average age of 36). The pulmonary hypertension was prospectively be as a tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity of at least(prenominal) 2.5 m per second. Patients were followed for a mean of 18 months, and data were censored at t he time of death or loss to follow-up.The group reached the avocation results. They mulish that the Doppler-defined pulmonary hypertension occurred in 32 portion of patients. Multiple logistic-regression analysis, with the use of the dichotomous variable of a tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity of less than 2.5 m per second or 2.5 m per second or more, identify a self-reported history of cardiovascular or renal complications, increased systolic blood pressure, high lactate dehydrogenase levels (a marker of hemolysis), high levels of alkaline phosphatase, and low transferrin levels as significant independent correlates of pulmonary hypertension. The fetal hemoglobin level, white-cell count, and platelet count and the use of hydroxyurea therapy were unrelated to pulmonary hypertension. A tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity of at least 2.5 m per second, as compared with a velocity of less than 2.5 m per second, was strongly associated with an increased risk of death and remained so af ter adjustment for other possible risk factors in a proportional-hazards regression model.They came to the following conclusions. They believed that the pulmonary hypertension, diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography, is common in adults with sickle cell disease. It appears to be a complication of chronic hemolysis, is resistive to hydroxyurea therapy, and confers a high risk of death.Social ImpactThough many believe that breathing with sickle cell anemia is impossible, that is not true. The infected people can live like any other person with just a few deviations. The only negative thing about living with sickle cell anemia is that the life expectancy is between 40 and 60 years old. However a person can live longer if they maintain a healthy lifestyle, control the complications that arise from the disease, and if they learn the correct ways to cope with the pain.A healthy life style means you eat healthy foods or foods that contain certain vitamins that may help your body cope with the disease. An example of a vitamin would be folic acid. Also doctors advise patients to drink plenty of water so he/she wont become dehydrated.To help prevent and control the complications of sickle cell anemia, the patient needs to follow certain operating instructions and warnings. Some of these instructions and warnings include avoiding decongestants and drugs that tighten blood vessels. Also the patient should avoid living in extreme hot and cold areas or in low oxygen level areas (well above sea level cities). Also doctors preach that the patient avoid or reduce stress in their life and to avoid jobs that require a lot of physical labor. In addition, the patient should get all of the vaccines and flu shots that are available.Though following doctors recommendations will help a patient, learning and studying different treatments and lifestyle choices on their own can help them a lot. If a patient reads about sickle cell anemia, they will be better equipped to deal with sympt oms and complications that may arise. If you or someone in your family has sickle cell anemia, you may want help with the stresses of this lifelong disease. Sickle cell centers and clinics can provide information and counseling. Ask your doctor or the staff at a sickle cell center if there are support groups for families in your area. Talking with others who are facing the same challenges you are can be helpful. Its especially important to find ways to control and cope with pain. diverse techniques work for different people, but it might be worth severe heating pads, hot baths, massages or physical therapy. Prayer, family and friends also can be sources of support. If you have a child with sickle cell anemia, learn as much as you can about the disease and make sure your child gets the best health attention possible. A child with sickle cell disease has special needs and requires regular medical care. Your doctor can explain how often to bring your child for medical care and wha t you can do if he or she becomes ill.ConclusionSickle cell anemia is a significant disease that must be communicate immediately. The number of people that know about sickle cell anemia is alarmingly low and that must change. People must become sensitive of the dangers of this disease and must do everything in their power to help prevent it from spreading. This disease can lead to death in infants, children, teens, and adults. It is also a worldwide disorder that needs more attention.This disease, which is genetically passed down to people, needs more people researching it and trying to find cures to. Though there are many doctors hard at work to find a cure, there can be so much more that can be done. Though there is a group of people unaware of this disease, it does not mean the work already done should be neglect. Through the hard work of doctors, we have been able to find almost every symptom of sickle cell anemia and how to treat most of the symptoms. To find a cure for sickl e cell anemia, everyone must do their part and help in some way.HemophiliaWhat is Hemophilia?Hemophilia is a blood disorder that prevents your blood to clot normally. When the body experiences an injury where the person begins to bleed, the body reacts in a very unique manner. Blood is a liquified membrane that is composed red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The determination of the blood is to transport nutrients and oxygen from the lungs to different areas of the body and to transport carbon dioxide and waste from those areas back to the lungs. Blood also serves as a transport system for white blood cells which are part of the immune system and fighters of the immune system. However, blood also serves as a clotting mechanism. In order for the body to clot an injury, platelets must be able to stick together at the injury site. This stickiness is called the blood clotting factor. Hemophilia is a disorder that causes people to have little to none clotting factor.Hemo philia is usually an inherited disease which does not allow your blood to clot externally or internally. People with hemophilia will have a gene that will cause the clotting factor, a protein, to not work properly which will cause the patient to keep bleeding. The clotting factor is needed to form clots with platelets.Hemophilia can be divided into two major types hemophilia A or hemophilia B. about 9 out of 10 people who have hemophilia will have type A hemophilia which means the body is missing or has low levels of clotting factor 8. If the person has type B, then they are missing or have low levels of clotting factor 9.In addition, hemophilia is usually genetically acquired but some can develop hemophilia during their lifetime. This can happen if your body forms antibodies (proteins) to the clotting factors in your bloodstream. The antibodies can prevent the clotting factors from working.Causes of HemophiliaA person usually inherits hemophilia but as discussed earlier, they can d evelop hemophilia during their lifetime. If a disease is inherited, then that means the parents of the patient will also have the gene for the disease. In the case of hemophilia, the gene for hemophilia is located on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. Only the X chromosome carries the genes related to clotting factors. A male who has the abnormal gene on his X chromosome will have hemophilia. A female must have the abnormal gene on both of her X chromosomes to have hemophilia this is very rare. A female is a carrier of hemophilia if she has the abnormal gene on one of her X chromosomes. Even though she doesnt have the condition, she can pass the gene on to her children.If a military chaplain does not have the hemophilia trait but the come does have only one copy of the gene and they have 2 daughters and 2 sons, then each daughter has a 50 percent chance of inheriting the abnormal gene from her mother and being a carrier. Each son has a 50 percent chance of inheriting the abnormal gene from his mother and having hemophilia. However if the commence has hemophilia and the mother has neither hemophilia or the hemophilia trait and they have 2 daughters and 2 sons, then each daughter will inherit the abnormal gene from her father and be a carrier. no(prenominal) of the sons will inherit the abnormal gene from their father, and, therefore, none will have hemophilia. Very rarely, a girl is born with hemophilia. This can happen if her father has hemophilia and her mother is a carrier.In addition to the genes that cause hemophilia, there are other factors that may cause it. One factor is the type of clotting factor that the person is missing. If the person has hemophilia A, then the person lacks clotting factor 8. If the person has hemophilia B, then the person lacks the clotting factor 9.Finally, if the person has Hemophilia C which is rare in the United States, then person has a different inheritance patt ern and lacks clotting factor 9.Symptoms of HemophiliaThe main symptom of hemophilia is excessive bleeding externally and internally. The extent of bleeding depends on the type and severity of the hemophilia. Children who have mild hemophilia may not have symptoms unless they have excessive bleeding from a dental procedure, an accident, or surgery. In addition, the symptoms of hemophilia vary depending on how deficient your clotting factors are. If levels of your deficient clotting factor are very low, you may experience spontaneous bleeding. If levels of your deficient clotting factor are slightly to moderately low, you may bleed only after surgery or trauma. If you bleed spontaneously then you have the following symptoms many large or deep bruises, joint pain and swelling caused by internal bleeding, unexplained bleeding or bruising, blood in your urine or stool, and prolonged bleeding from cuts or injuries, or after surgery or tooth extraction.Bleeding in the knees, elbows, or ot her joints is another common form of internal bleeding in people who have hemophilia. This bleeding can occur without obvious injury. At first, the bleeding causes tenseness in the joint with no real pain or any visible signs of bleeding. The joint then becomes swollen, hot to touch, and painful to bend. Swelling continues as bleeding continues. Eventually, movement in the joint is temporarily lost. Pain can be severe. Joint bleeding that isnt quickly treated can for good damage the joint. Internal bleeding in the brain is a very serious complication of hemophilia that can happen after a simple bump on the head or a more serious injury. The signs and symptoms of bleeding in the brain include long-lasting, painful headaches or neck pain or stiffness or convulsions or seizures.DemographicsHemophilia affects 1 in 5,000 male births. About 400 babies are born with hemophilia each year. The exact number of people living with hemophilia in the United States is not known. Currently, the n umber of people with hemophilia in the United States is estimated to be about 20,000. In the United States, most people with hemophilia are diagnosed at a very young age. base on CDC data, the median age at diagnosis is 36 months for people with mild hemophilia, 8 months for those with moderate hemophilia, and 1 month for those with severe hemophilia. In about two thirds of cases, there is a family history of hemophilia. The diagnosis of hemophilia is made using a special blood test and most babies can be tested soon after birth. Sometimes antenatal genetic testing is done to diagnose hemophilia before birth.TreatmentThough, like sickle cell anemia, there is no definitive cure for hemophilia, there are many treatments that help people cope with the disease. However, the treatments people get is based on the severity of the disease. However there is main treatment for hemophilia it is called replacement therapy. In this therapy, the missing clotting factor is injected into the body intravenously to replace the clotting factor. Though this treatment sounds good, there is a drawback, the patient has to continuously take injections of the therapy to prevent bleeding. Antifibrinolytic medicines (including tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid) may be used with replacement therapy. Theyre usually given as a pill, and they help keep blood clots from breaking down. Another complication to this treatment is that the body may develop antibodies that act against the new clotting factor or there might be damage to joints, muscles, or other parts of the body resulting from delays in treatment. Antibodies can destroy the clotting factor before it has a chance to work. This is a very serious problem. It prevents the main treatment for hemophilia (replacement therapy) from working. Antibodies to clotting factor, also called inhibitors, develop in about 20 percent of people who have severe hemophilia A and 1 percent of people who have hemophilia B. When antibodies develop, d octors may use larger doses of clotting factor or try different clotting factor sources. Sometimes, the antibodies go away.Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a man-made hormone used to treat people who have mild to moderate hemophilia A. DDAVP isn

System Design Of Internet Banking System

arrangement of rules formula Of profits Banking trunkAbstract In juvenile year, lucre cambering corpse of rules has make out very popular among guests and transmission line. at once, net income banking is provided by banks because of its advantages. Such as 24 hours function, fast, easy and secure rile to guest by means of net. This report intends to offer the musical arrangement architecture and scheme envision for internet banking system which is mainly foc employ.Introduction mesh has establish the way for conducting increasing numbers of legal proceeding between suppliers and large p bentage because of the speed, flexibility and efficiency that it offers. In this way, new market has been opened to the military man and diffusion of knowledge has been accelerated to the internet. Internet markets or online commercial business has been widely use. Since a special way to public figure the system should rich person been by the web- ground system and imple ment it. zero(prenominal)adays, internet banking system widely used to increase demand of online banking accomplishments. Internet banking system is looking to provide the shell quality with highly available, fast, secure and safe to use. carcass analysis is used to analyze and plan any system. In this report, the framework of system analysis and radiation pattern, system design and system architecture for internet banking system ar discussed. In addition, about the system architecture is so important that it has become the foundation of the system analysis and design is also discussed.A framework of arranging summary and DesignMany organizations consider information systems in order to produce useful information by capturing and managing data to employees, customers, suppliers and partners. It is prerequisite for their ability to compute or gain competitive advantage. Information systems give the gate be classified by the functions such asTransaction touch on systems Management information systemsDecision support systemsExecutive information systems estimable systemsCommunication and collaborative systemsOffice automation systems.Various perspectives green goddessful depend in information systems such as the players, business drivers, engine room drivers and process. From the argue of view of system stakeholder, the system analysts bridge the communication gap that grass develop between system owners and users and also between designers and builders. System owners argon typically executive managers for large systems and may be supervisors for small systems. impertinent system owners, costs and benefits of the system tend to less concern by system users. There be two kinds of system users such as internal system users and external users.For information systems, system designers are technology specialists such as Database administrators, Network architects, Web architects, Graphic artists, Security experts and engineering science specia lists. System users business requirements and constraints are translated by system designer into skilful solution. System builder is to construct the system according to the system designers specifications. System designers and system builders are the same in small system only if they are often different jobs in large system. industry programmers, system programmer, database programmer, network administrators and security department administrators are technical specialties. System owners, users, designers, and builders often reserve different perspective for building and using on any systems.What is System Design?System design is the specification of a detailed computer-based solution. (Bentley, L, D., Whitten, J, L (2008)) Also know as physical design.There were many techniques or attackes that are concerning to the aspect of the system design and chamberpot be categorized as followModel-Driven ApproachesRapid Application development (RAD)Joint Application Development (JAD )Model-Driven ApproachesOne of the system design approaches is the Model-Driven Approaches. It emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document the technical or implementation aspects of a new system. (Bentley, L, D., Whitten, J, L (2008))The examples of model-driven approaches are modern structured design, information engineering, and object-oriented design.Modern structured designModern structured design is a system design approaches. These approaches support to deal with the size and complexity of the programs for developers. It also a process-oriented approaches that breaking up from a large size of program into a hierarchy of modules, and that results are easy to implement and preserve.Information engineeringInformation engineering (IE) can be defined as the application of an interacting set of formal techniques of the planning, analysis, design a construction of information systems on a major arena of enterprise. The data model is the primary tool of IE.IE faci litates the long-term maturation of systems and also identifies how computing can best aid the strategic goals of the enterprise. Moreover, IE creates a framework to develop the computerised enterprise.Prototy pin downgA technique for quickly crowd specific information depends on the information requirements of the user.Advantages of PrototypingChange the system untimely in its developmentScrap undesirable systemsDesign a system for users ineluctably and expectationsDisadvantages of PrototypingManage the projectdanger of overtaking other phases in SDLCAdopt an incomplete system as completeDocumentation might be incompleteObject-oriented designObject-oriented design (OOD) techniques, is a design system using self-contained objects and object classes.Some of characteristics on these techniques are as followObjects are abstractions of real-world or system entitiesObjects are independent and inclose state and representation informationIn the terms of objectives go, the System fun ctionality is transparentShared data areas are removed and each of the object are communicate by means of message passingObjects may be distributed and execute in the form of sequentially or in tallyRapid Application DevelopmentRapid application development (RAD) is an approach to systems development that includes a method of development as well as software tools. It applies to structured, prototyping, and joint application development (JAD) techniques to rapidly develop the system. Nowadays these techniques used to become popular design techniques.RAD is used whenThe developer aggroup have programmers and analysts who are experienced with these techniqueThe project include a novel ecommerce application and needs to find quickly result practicers are sophisticated and highly engaged to the goals of the companyJoint Application DevelopmentJoint Application Development, or JAD, is a process that is originally create for designing a computer-based system. It brings together busines s area people (end users) and IT (Information Technology) professionals in a highly focused workshop. The purpose of using JAD is to define the project, design a solution, and monitor the project until it reaches completion.The advantages of JAD include a dramatic cut back of the time it takes to complete a project. It also improves the quality of the final convergence by focusing on the up-front portion of the development lifecycle.Internet BankingInternet banking is the system that allows customers to overture general financial information doings through a secure bank-created website. Nowadays, all banks provide internet banking because of its advantages. guest no need to give their precious time to go to bank and near click the mouse and and then can access their own bank account so Internet banking become integral to the lives of busy people. They vindicatory need to have a computer or an intellectual gimmick such as mobile device or PDA with an Internet connection and i B secure device which is offered by their own bank. Another tidy mention of internet banking is that customers are allowed to bank with easy and paperless way at non-working hours and public holidays also.4.1. Types of internet BankingAt present, these following three basic examples are utilized in the marketplace.1. Informational This is the foundation level of internet banking and it can be offered by the bank or outsourced. There has an appropriate see to it to veto unauthorized alterations to the banks server of Web site.2. Communicative This type allows some interaction with customer and the banks system. There has an appropriate control to prevent unauthorized endeavour to access the banks internal network and computer systems so virus control plays vital role in this environment.3. Transitional This level allows customers to execute their transactions such as accessing accounts, paying bills, channelizering pecuniary resource etc.,4.2. Pros and Cons of Internet Bank ingThe prominent point of Internet banking is that it is very convenient for customers rather than traditional banking system and can available 24/7 and time saving.Customer can access their account anytime and anywhere no need to go the bankCustomer can also check their account information and make funds transfer to their payeeCustomer can access too many services such as payment services, investment services and trading servicesCustomer can open their new accountCustomer can access deposit account, remittance and apply Credit/Debit tauntCustomer can update their profile such as changing their address, their phone number and so on.Although Internet banking has too many tillable points and very popular in the recent years, there are a few(prenominal) drawback that are worried by customers. Despite the Internet banking installed Internet security programs and latest anti-virus software, customers scared that privacy of their information and press release of user IDs and pin numb er also. By using Internet banking system, there are loss of communication with fellow and friends at physical branches of banks. Another problem which customer encounter occasional is, when the bank server is down, customer cannot access the Internet banking system.4.3. System Design in Internet BankingSteps of System design in Internet banking are as followFirstly, the customer needs to request the URL.Customer login the system, then the system checks User ID and Pin No.After the system check User ID and Pin No. , then the system check that this customer is valid or not.If it is valid, then that customer need to key in their OTP can access the system so the customer can see the Main Menu page of the Internet banking website.Then the customer can recognise from many menus such as viewing Account Information, property Transfer, Payment, Trading and Investment Services, Opening fresh Account, Remittance, and Update Customer Profile and so on.For example, if the customer chooses the Funds transfer menu, then the customer need to select Funds Transfer type such as Funds Transfer to My own A/C, Funds Transfer to other(a) A/C and Funds Transfer to Other Bank.Then customer needs to choose From Account, To Account and Amount.After that, generate this information to the system.And then ensure the detailed information and click nurture button to accomplish the transaction.Key in his/her iB Secure PIN(for OTP) to complete this transactionAfter logout, customer needs to clear cache for security reason. interpret 4.1 Use Case Diagram for Internet Banking SystemAssumption live with that the customer already enter the banks home page.Account holder, credit/ calculate card holder can conduct this system.Bank database, Users account no, amount of money (transaction), states and other.Assume, Users can log out the system afterward the transaction. User can cancel the system before the transaction.4.4. Sample Use case specification1. LoginWhen customer wants to access the ir account from bank database, they essential need to login the system with User ID and Pin No. The system leave alone prompt error message when the customer may be an remove user. If valid, customer can access the Main menu page of the Internet banking system.2. LogoutThe system must logout after the customers works are done. After logout the system, the customer must need to clear the cache of the system for the security reasons. In this step, customer should have been logged in already.Figure 4.2 Deployment Diagram for Internet Banking SystemConclusion and Further StudyIn this report, we focused on impressiveness and foundation of System Analysis and Design in Internet banking system. We choose Internet banking system as case study because in this recent year, Internet banking becomes a well-known and very useful system among people. We based on a Framework of System Analysis and Design, techniques or approaches System Design, Internet Banking, types of internet Banking, Pros and Cons of Internet Banking, and the last topic is System Design in Internet Banking.We can study as System Analysis and Design in Mobile banking for future work because this system is also very popular and very convenience. To access this system the customer skillful need to have mobile phone and just access the transaction with sms.

Social Work Case Study | Essay

fond behave cutting Study EssayCase body of extend jenny EleanorThis essay forget center on the current spotlight of Jenny, a single p bent, and Eleanor, her half dozen year old daughter, who currently live on a giving local authority housing estate. Whilst close attention ordaining be paid to their item and the needs arising bulge of it, it is non the substantive form of this paper to prescribe specific courses of action in their fountain only. Rather, it is to rate and discuss the restorations raised by their case, considering the subdue social work processes, policy, and legal manikin. Over whole, it allow for be argued that there are two signifi foundationt issues to be explored th pugnacious the circumstances of Jenny and Eleanors case. Firstly, the nature and effectiveness of multi-agency workss in education and the human go, and secondly, the problems faced by these master copys when adults, either designedly or through incapacity, are non full y cooperative in ensuring the appropriate negociate of their minor. As McCullough points out, Throughout the UK, provision and means of delivering squirtrens services m some other been changing profoundly. Predominant among the reasons driving these changes is concern just about the steering in which small fryren are kept safe. (McCullough 2007 p.27) The paper will hence discuss these issues, taking into account how ofttimes(prenominal) issues may be dealt with in a context of evidence- found and anti-discriminatory practice.In the first instance it may be helpful to include a brief synopsis of the known items about Jenny and Eleanors situation, as a guide to identifying their needs. The case study reports that they are from a White British background they live in a local authority housing estate which, it is stated, is regarded as rough, i.e. socially problematical and economically deprived. This categorization is not arrested by all objective assessment, such as r eferral to any social scales or indices, and so appears rather unscientific and possibly discriminatory. Jenny and Eleanor establish experient basketball team different housing placements in the last seven years. Jenny has been the victim of domestic violence, both in previous relationships and from Derek, her current confederate and Eleanors father. Eleanor was unfortunately the witness to many of the assaults on her mother, and is herself thought to work been the playing field of violence from her father. As the result of one of the assault on Jenny, Derek was awarded two year custodial sentence, and is currently expect to be released in four months time he requested contact with Eleanor whilst in custody. Eleanor is enrolled at a local primary work, where records reveal that her attendance is low and represents a ca do for concern she has appeared withdrawn, and on occasions been ruffianly towards other pupils. Furthermore, the school day nurse has registered concerns ab out Eleanors development.In the light of these facts, it is now up to the applicable services to pee-pee the appropriate arrangements, using such measures as the statutory and policy frameworks allow. One of the principle factors in their immediate incoming the matter of Dereks release from custody is beyond the control of those agencies promptly convolute in Jenny and Eleanors wel fartheste, so it is up to them to make their dispositions therefore in the light of this contingency. What follows is a discussion of the germane(predicate) issues as they arise out of the jurisdictions, expertise, and responsibilities of the various agencies involved. This discussion will start with the subject who is likely to be of closely concern to the educational and human services, i.e. the most vulnerable individual, Eleanor. As a six year old, she is the only soulfulness in the situation who does not pass on self-determination, is consequently reliant on the various agencies appointed for her tutorship it is now up to them to ensure this is ensured. As Myers-Blair points out, The basic equipment for emotional development (physical and neural) is present at birth, and in a very diffuse way emotional behaviour begins at birth, or perhaps even before. (Myers-Blair, 1975 p.60).The immediate concerns over Eleanors welfare slip by upon two separate moreover related spheres her school and base life. The relevant schoolmasters must unravel the intertwining requirements and responsibilities inherent in this situation. However, as the De expoundment for tikeren, Schools and Families itself acknowledges, The master background of workers is both a strength and a breastwork to multi-agency working. As each profession has developed its own address and body of knowledge, it not only serves to provide a master identity but whoremaster alienate those outside the profession who do not share their language or way of thinking. Professionals similarly develop a different way of working in tell to achieve their aims. (DCSF, 2007 p.5) Obviously, all of these considerations must save from the basis that Eleanor is physically safe, with possible physical abuse from Derek, the previously violent partner, being the most obvious brat to this. If sufficient evidence of this threat is assembled, then the multi-agency effort is largely irrelevant, since the Local Authority, through the hearty run Directorate, will have a clear responsibility to act accordingly under sections 27 and 17 of the Children Act 1989, and remove her from the situation.The decision as to whether any contingent arrangements involve Eleanor only, or Eleanor and Jenny, will depend on the perceived or actual threat, and Jennys position in relation to this. As Asen pointedly reminds us, When professionals are unable to decide whether to let the tiddlerren remain with its natural family or not, this indecisiveness can be offensive in its own right it leaves the child in a situation of limbo which in some cases can last years unless adding to the childs emotional or physical suffering. (Asen, 2000 p.227) Depending upon how matters proceed in relations amidst Jenny and Derek, complaisant Services will also be responsible for the next level of care, i.e. ensuring that Eleanor is not suffering from any forms of neglect or subsidiary abuse arising out of the situation.Assuming that this situation is being monitored, the burthen of responsibility shifts back into the educational environment this is not to say that the social worker loses control of the situation, or becomes less relevant to Eleanors care quite the contrary. In fact, by virtue of the weighty nature of Eleanors home situation, they may well become the subscribe to professional at heart the multi-agency effort, as will be discussed below. It is exclusively the case that the all the professionals involved effectively have their actions governed by overlapping and conflict statutes. At present, the latter stipulate that Eleanor should be in school that school will almost certainly be a mainstream school, i.e. not a PRU (Pupil Referral Unit) or other specialized facility furthermore, the law provides that either professional effort should be made to ensure that Eleanor is supported in achieving the expected educational progress. This in essence is where the social work and educational efforts will interact since achievement of the expected progress will hinge upon Eleanors mental and physical well-being, as well as her innate cognitive ability, the home and school environments will become linked around this effort. The necessity point here is that the social services case worker will be reliant on the judgment and expertise of the school found professionals with respect to Eleanors learning and emotional well-being. This is very much an unrestricted process a number of successive measures and support systems will have to be put into place before any alternative or spec ialized provision is even considered. In the first instance, the schools Child Protection Officer usually the Headteacher in the context of a Primary school like Eleanors will feedback directly to Social Services, if there is any evidence of abuse. The school exceptional genteelnessal needfully Coordinator will subsequently be responsible for ascertaining whether or not Eleanor has any educational or emotional special needs if so, she must have an IEP (Individual pedagogy Plan) classified as Step One, Two or Three, depending on their severity. The latter will also determine whether or not Eleanor may require a Statutory Statement of Educational ineluctably (usually referred to simply as a statement). If so, she may qualify for additional support through the Local Educational Authoritys Statutory judicial decision Office. This in turn will involve the Educational Psychology Service, who will have to make a formal assessment based on observation of Eleanor in a school context. If it is deemed appropriate, she will also be referred to the Primary Behaviour keep Service, the Schools Pastoral Support Service, the Family Support Service, and the Primary Mental Health Service.What are the implications of these potential triune referrals from a practical point of view? As the DCFS guidance advises, It is the processes involved in building relationships between agencies and between providers of services and the communities they serve, which is vital, because this is where the real work has to be done. It is a real challenge to us all, not least(prenominal) finding the time and space to work on these issues when many services are provided from at least 8 am to 6 pm, five days a week. (DCSF, 2007 p2). What this euphemizes is the attempted integration of services which proceed from a series of parallel and successive statutes. This include the Children Act 1989, the Children Act 2004, the Education Act 2002, the reading and Skills Act 2000, the Disability and Discrimination Act 1995, The especial(a) Educational Needs Code of bore 2001, the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001, and the Data Protection Act 1998. The school based effort, into which the social worker must be integrated, is built around the grapheme of the inclusions Officer, who must in turn convene a school-specific inclusions team comprised of all the practitioners involved.Whilst all of this sounds fine on paper, the practical challenges of coordinating the support and care of a child in Eleanors situation cannot be underestimated. Take, for example, the graphic symbol of the Lead Professional itself. As the Childrens pissforce Development Council concedes, A belong professional is not a job title or a new role, but a set of functions to be carried out as part of the delivery of effective integrated support. (CWDC, 2007 p.5). In other words, the role is titular only and attracts no timetabling facility or resources, but must run parallel and crucially, in addition to the practitioners other responsibilities. As the CWDC frankly puts it, clear communication is necessary between both services so that the individual is not overwhelmed with mince professional and caseload responsibilities. Speak to your manager to ensure that they take account of any lead professional responsibilities in setting your workload, and that your performance in delivering the lead professional functions is recognized and recorded. (CWDC 2007 p.2, para 3.14). This is far more than a Human Resources issue however. The whole rationale of the multi-agency movement and Every Child issuings initiative is to decline the kind of short-circuits, doublings-up and straightforward mismanagement which contributed to the Victoria Climbie tragedy. As McCullough reminds us, In Lamings detailed and damning report, twelve different occasions were identified when appropriate intervention by one or more of these agencies could have rescue Victorias lifein his summing up, Laming noted that the legislative framework for protecting children is basically sound. I conclude that the gap is not a matter of law but in its implementation.. (McCullough 2007 p.28). The problem is that whilst the role of the lead practitioner is non-statutory, the responsibilities accrued by the incumbent are not. As the CWDC once more concedes, There are particular implications for staff who may be working part-time in a multi-agency setting and part-time in their home agency. (CWDC 2007 p.2, para 3.14). Arguably then, the same issues which underlay Victorias closing are potential factors in any such case, including Eleanors. The mere humankind of a job title, i.e., Lead Practitioner, or mechanisms such as the common Assessment Framework, guarantees nothing if the staff involved are overstretched, unsupported and undirected.The fact that Jenny has cancelled two possible contact appointments so far is disappointing, and may well represent an impediment to the advancement of Eleanors care in the future. At present however, it does not constitute an insurmountable barrier to the coordinated effort of the multi-agency team, and definitely is not a pretext for inertia on their part. As the school has noted, Eleanors emotional well-being is questionable, indicating a serious potential impediment to her progress. As Meadows indicates, Certain emotional states are frequent and salient, and become parts of feeling about the self, so that they can then influence a wide range of behaviours, such as perception, emotional expression, cognitive processing and social relations. (Meadows, 2006 p.438) Instruments in an around the curriculum, such as the SEAL (Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning) programme may be employ to help Eleanor externalize and come to terms with the events which have shaped her hump essentially these means must be tried in order to redress any lack of emotional support she is receiving at home. As Maslow points out, thwarting of these needs produces feelings of inferiority, of weakness, and of helplessness. These feelings in turn give rise to either basic discomfort, or else compensatory or neurotic trends. (Maslow, 1970 P.1) Also, as Samuels reminds us, Basically, if the childs needs are not met appropriately at each developmental level, the psyche becomes unable to adequately regulate self-esteem by the use of adequate mechanisms. (Samuels, 1977 p. 35).The problem is that, whilst the statutory framework stipulates that the school is currently the focus of support for Eleanors needs, the latter on the face of it do not freeze there. As Schaefer et al. observe, since behavioural problems in the home usually precede those occurring elsewhere, part of the focus has to be behaviour in the home. (Schaefer et al. 1984 p.96). Consequently, whilst Inter-Professional Collaboration has to be an rule consideration for the social worker, it is likely to be the case worker themselves who initiates much of the strategic ac tion, such as the proposed cold-call home visit. The focus on Eleanor does not of course mean that Jennys needs, as an individual or as a parent, can be overlooked. A holistic approach, encapsulated indoors an action plan and developed with the Family Therapy or Support Service will be required. However, for environmental as much as professional reasons, as will be discussed below, Eleanor must remain the primary concern within this case.As this conclusion is being written, the manifest weaknesses of the supposedly revamped multi-agency framework have been revealed in the most devastating manner through the death of a seventeen-month child, who was in the Child Protection Registers at lay on the line category. Whilst any legislative or policy outcome of this tragedy is obviously some way off, some commentators have been quick to apportion responsibility to the inter-agency working framework. When procedures become so exacting and time-consuming, the exercise of judgment is deemed uncomplete necessary nor possible. Indeed, it will get you into trouble, because it is not part of the procedure. (Dalrymple 2008) Calls for less weight to be given to parental wishes and rights, and more to be placed on the safety of the child, are already being heard. The outcome of such debates, it may be argued, may have significant effects on the have of cases such as that of Jenny and Eleanor.BibliographyAdams, R., Dominelli, L. Payne, M. (2002) Social Work Themes, Issues and Critical Debates, Basingstoke, PalgraveAnning, A., and Edwards, A., (2006), Promoting Childrens Learning from Birth to Five Developing the New Early geezerhood Professional, Open University Press, Maidenhead.Asen, E., work with families where there is parenting breakdown, in Reder, P., McClure, M., and Jolley, A., (eds), (2000), Family Matters interfaces between child and adult mental health, Routledge, London, pp.227-236.Bowlby, J. (1969). fond regard and Loss Vol I adhesion, London Hogarth Press. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss Vol II Separation, Anxiety and Anger, London Hogarth Press.Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss Vol three Loss, Sadness and Depression, London Hogarth Press.Bradley, G. and Parker, J. (2003) Social Work Practice Assessment, Planning, Intervention and Review, Exeter, Learning Matters Ltd.Brayne, H and Carr, H. (2005) Law for social workers, Oxford, New YorkButler, P. (2002) Failure to attend overshadowed Climbie interrogative sentence online August 27 getable from http//www.guardian.co.uk/society/2002/aug/27/climbieAccessed 16 November 2007Childrens Workforce Development Council, (2007), The Lead Professional Practitioners Guide, CWDC, Leeds.Crawford, K. Walker, J. (2003) Social Work and Human Development, Exeter, Learning Matters Ltd.Dalrymple, T., We cant be impress by the death of baby P The Times Online, 12 Nov 2008, INTERNET, functional at http//www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article5133966.ece?Submit ted=true, viewed 12.11.08Davies, L (2007) The Big Picture Is protection working? online November 15Available from http//www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2007/11/15/106450/the-big-picture-is-protection-working.htmlviewed 20.11.07 discussion section for Children, Schools and Families, (2007), Common amount of money of Skills and Kn owledge for the Childrens Workforce, DFES Nottingham. discussion section for Children, Schools and Families, (2007), Integrated Working Exemplar Young child with behavioural problems Integrated working to improve outcomesfor children and young people, HMSO, London. incision for Children, Schools and Families, (2007), rough-and-ready practice Multi-agency Working, HMSO, London.Department of Health, (1999) Working Together to Safeguard Children, London, The Stationery Office.Department of Health, (2002) Modernising services to transform care inspection of how councils are managing the modernisation order of business in social care online June 27Available f romwww.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Lettersandcirculars/Chiefinspectorletters/DH_4004590Accessed 21 November 2007Department of Health, (2004) Executive Summary, National Service Framework for Children. Young nation and Maternity Services online October 4Available from www.dh.gov.ukAccessed 15 November 2007Department of Health, (2005) priming to Every Child Matters online May 10Available from www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/aims/background/Accessed 03 November 2007Department of Health, (2006) Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (fifth impression), United Kingdom, The Stationery Office.Department of Health, (2007) Local Safeguarding Children Boards online November 14Available from http//www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/socialcare/safeguarding/lscb/Accessed 26 November 2007Friedrickson, N., and Clive, T., (2002) Special Educational Needs, Inclusion and Diversity, a Textbook, Open University Press, Buckingham.Goleman, D., (1996), Emotional Intelligen ce Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, Bloomsbury, London.Good to be Me, (May 2005) Primary National Strategy goodness and Enjoyment, Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning, Department for Education and Skills, HMSO,Gurney, P., (1988) Self-Esteem in Children with Special Educational Needs, Routledge, LondonGillen, S and Lovell C. (2007) Victoria Climbie Foundation head calls for child protection probe online November 5Available from www.communitycare.org/articlesAccessed 12 November 2007Glover-Wright, D. (2007) Social Work, As We See It, Community Care, 5-11 April, p.28Guardian Unlimited (2007) a. Ministers deliberately making foundation seekers destitute, say MPs online March 30 Available from www.guardian.co.uk/immigration/ yarnAccessed 04 November 2007Healy, K (2005) Social Work Theories in Context, Basingstoke, Palgrave MacMillan.Hockey, J. James, A. (2003) Social Identities across the aliveness Course, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.Hopkins, G. Wetherall, G. (2007) Fatal Fa ilingsCommunity Care The voice of social care 11-17 January 2007, p. 34-38Horner, N. (2003) What is Social Work? Context and Perspectives, Exeter, Learning Matters Ltd.Howe, D., Brandon, M., Hinnings, D. Schofield, G. (1999). Attachment Theory, Child Maltreatment and Family Support, London, Palgrave.Howe, D. (2005) Child Abuse and Neglect, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.Laming, L (2003) The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report of an Inquiry by Lord Laming, London, Stationery Office.Meadows, S., (2006), The Child as Thinker The Development and eruditeness of Cognition in Childhood, Routledge London.McCullough, M., (2007), Integrating Childrens Services the case for child protection, in Siraj-Blatchford, I., Clarke, K., and Needham, M., (eds), (2007), The Team Around the Child Multi-Agency Working in the Early Years, Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent.Mens Health Network (2000) Family Violence online September 1Available from http//www.menstuff.org/issues/byissue/domesticviolence.htmlfemalebat terersAccessed 11 November 2007Myers Blair, G., Stewart Jones, R., Simpson, R.H., (1975), Educational Psychology, 4th Edition, MacMillan, NY.Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, (1989) ruler on the Rights of the Child onlineAvailable from www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/b/k2crc.htmAccessed 15 November 2007Parton, N. (2006) Safeguarding childhood, Basingstoke, Palgrave MacmillanParton, N. OByrne, P. (2000) reconstructive Social Work, Basingstoke, MacMillan Press.Pierson, J. Thompson, M. (2002) Dictionary of Social Work, Staffordshire University, Collins.Plummer, D., (2001) Helping Children to Build Self-Esteem A Photocopiable Activities Book, Jessica Langley, London.Podesta, C., (2001) Self-Esteem and the Six-Second Secret, Corwin, Thousand Oaks, California.Quinney, A (2005) Collaborative Social Work Practice onlineAvailable from www.learningmatters.co.uk (sample chapters)Accessed 19 September 2007Schaefer, C.E., Breismeister, J.M., and Fitton, M.E., (1984), Family Therapy Techniques fro problem behaviours of children and teenagers, Jossey-Bass, Sanfrancisco.De Shazer, (1982), Patterns of Brief Family Therapy An Ecosystemic Approach, Guilford Press, NY.Nind, M., Rix, J., Sheehy, K., Simmons, K., (eds) (2003) Inclusive Education Diverse Perspectives, Open University Press/David Fulton, Buckingham and LondonSchofield, G. (2002) Attachment Theory An admittance for Social Workers, Norwich, Social Work Monograph.Siraj-Blatchford, I., Clarke, K., and Needham, M., (eds), (2007), The Team Around the Child Multi-Agency Working in the Early Years, Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent.Taylor, J. Daniel, B. (2005) Child Neglect, London, Jessica Kingsley.Thompson, N. (2001) Anti-Discriminatory Practice, 3rd edition, Basingstoke, PalgraveThompson, N. (2005) Understanding Social Work Second Edition, Basingstoke, Palgrave MacMillanTrevithick, P. (2005) Social Work Skills, Open University PressWard, L. (2007) Not every child matters onlineAvailable from http//politics.guardian. co.uk/comment/story/0,,1995795,00.htmlAccessed 21 November 2007Warren, J. (2007) Service user and Carer Participation in Social Work, Exeter, Learning Matters.Whelan, D (2003) Using Attachment Theory When Placing Siblings in Foster Care. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 20(1), pp.21-36

Object oriented programming with subclasses

Object oriented programming with sub crime syndicateesInheritance Polymorphism addicted someone kinfolk definition below crime syndicate Person snobby String let outPerson(String name) this.name = name overt String getName() return nameDesign two sub categorisees of Person, named Student and Employee. Make Faculty and Staff sub var.es of Employee. An authority of Student has a class status (freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior). Declare the status as constants in the Student class. An instance of Employee has a department, salary, and date-hired. Define a class named MyDate that contains expanses of the year, month, and day. A faculty member has office hours and a say (lecturer, senior lecturer, associate professor, and professor). A staff member has a gear up title. Override the toString() mode inPerson class to screening the class name and the persons name.Student class to display class name, students name and class status.Employee class to display class name, employ ees name, and departmentFaculty class to display class name, employees name, office hours and rankStaff class to display class name, employees name, position titleDraw a class diagram to play the relationship of the classes above.Using Java to write and implement the classes with regard to the class diagram. print a test program in Java that creates instances of Person, Student, Employee, Faculty, and Staff, and invokes their toString() method. indite another test program in Java that creates instances of Person, Student, Employee, Faculty, and Staff in an array of Object. Use a repetition statement to c each its toString() method. neuter the classes in question (1) aboveAdd a package ctb2209.p7 to Person class, and then compile all the classes again. Explain the errors and fix it.Design a class named Square that contains data fields for height, width, and an lift method named computeSurfaceArea(). constrain a child class named Cube. Cube contains an additional data field named d epth, and overrides computeSurfaceArea() method inherited from its parent method.Implement all the classes.Write an finishing that instantiates rejects of Square and Cube in an array and displays the surface areas of each object using iteration, and test all the methods of all the objects. hit an abstract political machine class with fields for the car make and price. Include get and baffle methods for these fields the calculatePrice() method is abstract. Create two subclasses for individual automobile makers (for example, traverse or Honda), and include appropriate calculatePrice() method in each subclass (for example, RM110,000 or RM120,000 respectively). Finally, write an application that uses the AutoMobile class as reference figure and instantiate objects of its subclasses to display education about different cars. Save the files as AutoMobile.java, Ford.java, Honda.java and UseAutoMobile.java.Create an interface called Player. The interface has an abstract method called play() that displays a nub describing the meaning of play to the class. Create classes called Child, Musician, and Actor that implement Player interface. Create an application that demonstrates the use of the classes. Save the files as Player.java, Child.java, Actor.java, Musician.java, and UsePlayer.java.Sunway Construction Loan embodied makes contributes of up to RM100,000,000,000 for construction projects. There are two categories of Loans those to businesses and those to individual applicants.Write an application that tracks all new construction loans. The application must alike calculate the total amount owed at the due date (original loan amount + loan fee). The application should include the following classesLoanConstants A public interface class. LoanConstants includes constant values for short-term (one year), medium-term (three years), and long-term (five years) loans. It also contains constants for the club name and the maximum loan amount.Loan A public abstract c lass that implements the LoanConstants interface. A Loan includes a loan number, customer death name, amount of loan, cheer rate, and term. The constructor requires data for each of the fields that interest rate. Do not allow loan amounts over RM100,000,000,000. rend any loan term that is not one of the three delineate in the LoanConstants class to a short-term (one-year) loan. Create a toString() method that displays all the loan data.BusinessLoan A public class that extends Loan. The BusinessLoan constructor sets the interest rate to 1% over the current basic interest rate.PersonalLoan A public class that extends Loan. The PersonalLoan constructor sets the interest rate to 2% over the current basic interest rate.CreateLoans An application that creates an array of five Loans. active that user for the current basic interest rate. Then, in a loop, alert the user for a loan type and all relevant information for that loan. Store the created Loan objects in the array. When dat a entry is complete, display all the loans.Save the files as Loan.java, LoanConstants.java, BusinessLoan.java, PersonalLoan.java, and CreateLoans.java.Note java.util.Date and java.text.SimpleDateFormat may needed for your total amount owed at the due date calculation, you may look at the usage of format() and parse() methods of SimplateDateFormat class

DNA Replication Body System

deoxyribonucleic acid Replication Body ashesMahbubul AlamIntroductionThe superpower of a cell to sustain in a disorderly atmosphere depends on the precise duplication of the wide variety of inherited reading carried in its deoxyribonucleic acid. This duplication cognitive process, c tout ensembleed DNA duplication or recurrence, must happen onwards a cell brush aside componentrate two genetically interchangeable daughter cells. Keeping it in a cell also need the constant surveillance and repair of its inherited enlarge, as DNA lowlife be harmed by chemicals and rays from the planet, and by injuries and reactive substances that happen inside the cell.DNA ReplicationThe genetic content in a cellular is cognize as in the series of the heterocyclic amines of DNA. There ar ordinarily 46 lengths of DNA known as chromosomes in individual t bring ons. precise parts, known as corpses genes, on for each one chromosome contain the genetic expatiate which elevates people from each early(a). The corpses genes also contain the known as details requisite for the functionality of protein and minerals necessary for the regular features of the tissues.DNA replication to human procreative processesThe replication of the DNA molecule, also known as doubling, or polymerization, of a genetic phenomenon that ensures the self-duplication of the tuition contained in the chromosomes, particularly in the genes. This process occurs during the S interface (phase of the cell cycle, preparing to enter the cell division), beingness necessary for sustainment of the individual organic, allowing the development of the organism (growth), the replacement of injured tissue (epithelial) or where possible regeneration and propagation of hereditary traits, allowing the gamete formation containing reliable information on the species. For the blusht this process be indispensable some events involving the chain of mountains of the DNA molecule. Initially the filament of t he template (pargonnt molecule), has its double- margeed (polynucleotide chain phosphoric grouping, pentose deoxyribose and nitrogenous base) separated due the breaking of hydrogen bonds, held between complementary nitrogenous bases.Prior to cellular department, the DNA content in the unique cellular must be replicated so that after cellular department, each modborn cellular contains the complete amount of DNA content. The mathematical operation of DNA replication is usually known as replication (Hejna, 2000). The replication is known as semi conservative since each new cellular contains one tie of unique DNA and one recently produced take in of DNA. The unique polynucleotide string of DNA works as a design to details the functionality of the new contrasting polynucleotide of DNA (Dickerson, 1983).DNA replication at cellular take aim subsequently identifying the replication of DNA template, the next step was to investigate the process as follows. Each parental strand of DNA bequeath come as template for the formation of a new complementary strand (review complementarity rule of nitrogenous bases) using the free nucleotides of each cell in the nucleoplasm. The end result is two new identical double-stranded DNA molecules with each other(a), with an original chain and other complementary newly synthesized.DNA renewalOne of the qualities of the inherited content, as identified in the component on nucleic chemicals, is the capability to demonstrate difference over time. This residence was necessary to define why people within an inhabitants are not all genetically similar, and to describe how creatures progress. genetic diversity is placed as a failing to storage inherited details consistently (PBS. 2001).Types of MutationsSomatic vs. Gametic MutationThe repercussions of a sportsman rely on where in an personal they happen. Some Mutations happen in frequent consistence cells these are somatic Mutations. For modelling, someone who stays to a faul t enough time suntanning might encounter a vicissitude in an epidermis cellular. The repercussions of such a magnetic variation are sensed solitary(prenominal) by the person. The epidermis cellular may create some issue (such as cancer malignancy, perhaps) due to the magnetic variation, but because the mutation took place further in an epidermis cellular, it would not be approved on to side by side(p) years (Cook, 1999).Some Mutations happen in germline cells. These cells generate the gametes in that locationfore, they are gametic Mutations. In most situations, such Mutations wouldnt even be discovered by the person. After all, the gametes dont perform a popular part in the day-to-day manoeuver of the person. These Mutations, as opposed to the somatic Mutations, will be approved on to the next creation, because they happen in the cells that generate the next creation (Cook, 1999). instinctive vs. Induced MutationSome Mutations happen as natural skids in DNA duplication (or due to mysterious chemical type responses) these are known as natural Mutations. The rates of such Mutations draw been realised for many types. E. coli has a natural mutation amount of 1/108 (one mistake in every 108 nucleotides replicated). People have an increased natural mutation rate between 1/106 and 1/105 (probably due to the greater complexness of human replication) (Baker Bell, 1998).Random ReversibleThe reversibility of many Mutations should recommend to you that the procedure is unique. Mutations do not happen in reaction to an incitement. In other terms, bacteriado not mutate to become anti-biotic tolerant as a reaction to experience medications. Instead, out of all of the Mutations happening in inhabitants of bacteria, some (a micro percentage) will cause anti-biotic level of resistance. If that anti-biotic is experienced, those microbe cells with that particular mutation will survive the vast majority of the cells that do not have the mutation will die (Pray, 200 8).Mutations can be undoable. If a mutation happens at a time in a gene, thither is a very little adventure that the mutated platform could mutate again to its unique kind. On the other hand, at that place are events when a mutation in a second, individual gene will come again the phenotype of the patient to an outrageous kind boilersuit look (an unusual situation of two errors creating a right). This form of mutation is known as a suppressor mutation (Pray, 2008).Effects of MutationMutations can impact people in several different methods. Among the repercussions of mutation are the following (Dickerson, 1983)Change in a morphological feature. This style an apparent alternation in some actual typical of a patient. close of the mutant phenotypes we have seen in this course have been of this kind (for example, outline vegetation instead of tall).Healthy or biochemical difference. A mutation may happen in a gene that encodes a combine engaged in a metabolic road, such as a compo und engaged in the biosynthesis of a protein. If this happens, the patient can no much synthesize the protein, and must acquire from nutritional re becomeces. sham Of Genes And Chromosomes On Inherited Characteristics And TraitsGenes curb of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA contains the code, or outline, employ to integrate a protein. Qualities fluctuate in size, contingent upon the sizes of the proteins for which they code. Every DNA particle is a long twofold helix that takes after a winding staircase containing a huge number of steps. The ventures of the staircase comprise of sets of four sorts of atoms called bases (nucleotides). In every step, the base adenine (An) is matched with the base metric ton (T), or the base guanine (G) is combined with the base cytosine (C). resultantBecause DNA duplication is so important to creatures, an excellent deal of onslaught has been dedicated to knowing its procedure. The replication of E. coli DNA is probably best recognise and is the focus of interest in this area. The procedure in eucaryotic cells is believed to be identical, and hence the show of DNA has become such an important grammatical construction in the field of microbiology and biotechnology. Through the study of DNA the agriculture area is also being facilitated by the means of genetic mutation of seeds of several(a) fruits, vegetables and grains (Johnson, 1993).Task 2Human Body bodyThe Digestive System is made up of organs that break down food into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for energy, growth, and repair. After the food is chewed and swallowed, it goes down the throat and enters the stomach. It is further grim down by powerful stomach acids. From the stomach the food travels into the tenuous intestine. This is where your food is broken down into nutrients that can enter the business linestream through tiny hair-like projections. The excess food that the body doesnt need or vernacular digest is turned into waste and is eliminated from the body. The digestive administration is a get word component of everyday life due to the fact it handles all the recess of pee and food sources.The Muscular System is comprised of tissues that work with the skeletal arranging to control development of the body. A few vims like the ones in your build up and legs are willful, implying that you choose when to move them. Different muscles, in the same counseling as the ones in your stomach, heart, digestion tracts and different organs, are automatic. This implies that they are controlled consequently by the nervous system and hormones you regularly dont even understand theyre grinding away. Without the muscle system the body would be pretty much as unmoving as ocean weed. There would more corpulence and a more quickly developing demise rate.The Nervous System is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and cheeks. One of the most important systems in your body, the nervous system i s your bodys control system. It sends, receives, and processes strikingness impulses throughout the body. These kindling impulses tell your muscles and organs what to do and how to respond to the environment. There are three parts of your nervous system that work together the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system. The most important part of the human body gauze-like and simple if you kill the head the body will follow.The Reproductive System allows humans to produce children. Sperm from the male fertilizes the females testis, or ovum, in the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg travels from the fallopian tube to the uterus, where the fetus develops over a period of nine months. approximately would think that its not important but with no procreative organs the world would have been unpopulated long time ago. physiological Processes of OrgansHuman physiology is a discipline that is focused on the study of the functions of the human body. It is an area of biology, anatomy closely related. The study of human physiology is as old as the origins of Medicine. Many knowledge on this field have been acquired through the study of animal physiology, through experimentation on animals. he human body through its physiological processes has several mechanisms to control the conditions of the privileged environment and state of the body. These mechanisms are obligated for of importtaining body temperature, blood pressure, blood pH, ion concentration and adequate oxygen, among other important factors, being disturbed, would endanger the charge of homeostasis and normal functions of the body human.SkinThe skin is the largest organ of the human body and, among other functions, is creditworthy for tact. It is through her that we perceive as horniness and botheration sensations.The skin has thousands of receptor cells on its surface.TongueThe tongue has receptors called taste buds, responsible for taste. The papillae ar e chemoreceptor, does that mean that they are specialized to detect the presence of chemicals.Knew the lyric has a unique and exclusive impression, similar to fingerprint?There are specialized taste buds in the perception of four basic flavors sweet, bitter, sour and salty. Each type of papilla is located in a specific character of the tongue. The combination of these four types of stimuli receptors to the nervous system transmits information about, for example, the flavor of the foods you eat. trespassThe nose is the organ that contains the receptors responsible for the smell. Within the nasal cavity, there is a specialized tissue, the olfactory epithelium, which contains thousands of receivers, called olfactory cells.Olfactory sensory cells possess by that pick or other volatile substances dispersed in excite air molecules. In response to the presence of these molecules, olfactory cells produce nerve stimuli. These are conducted to the central nervous system where they are tran slated into sensations.EarsEars healthy organs responsible for hearing and counterbalance. Inside the ear are mecanorreceptoras cells. These cells capture mechanised stimuli, translating them into nerve impulses.The semicircular canals are also filled with fluid and having a plurality of hair receiving cells. As the head and the body move the liquefied within the channels moves and presses the cilia of the sensory cells. These capture the stimulus and transmit nerve impulses to the central nervous system.EyesThe photoreceptor cells have eyes, i.e. light stimuli capable of capturing, producing nerve stimuli transmitted to the central nervous system. These cells are located in the retina, a layer of lining of the eye, and are of two types rods and cones. The rods are very mad to changes in light intensity, but not distinguish colors, which is performed by the cones.The burnished rays penetrate the eye and pass through the pupil. The pupil is a construction capable of controlling the amount of light that enters the eye.Role of Organs of particular(prenominal) Sense in HomeostasisThe human body is continuously bombarded by all kinds of stimuli. Some of these stimuli are received by sensory receptors distributed throughout the finished body. Other stimuli are received by highly complex receptor organs. These are referred to as the special senses.From each special sense organ, information is sent to the brain through specific cranial nerves. When the information reaches the specific area of the brains cerebral cortex, it is perceived at the conscious level as sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance. These special senses allow us to detect changes in our environment, providing information necessary for homeostasis. The role of indispensable and external environment is immense in the consideration of organs of special sense.OsmoregulationOsmoregulation is the process by which living organisms remain relatively constant it internally so that their chemical c omposition varies little. To do this, agencies should decide the entry and exit of water, minerals and other substances.Aquatic unicellular organisms such as bacteria and many protozoans are in constant contact with water and this greatly facilitates this process. In multicellular organisms, however, only some cell surfaces are in contact with the external environment, while the internal cells are skirt by an extracellular fluid that has a composition and characteristics different to those of the environment.The main function of osmoregulation is to oppose the chemical composition of the cell cytoplasm and internal fluids within the limits that can develop a kind.ThermoregulationThermoregulation or temperature control is the ability of a biological organism to change its temperature, within certain limits, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. The term is used to describe the processes that maintain the balance between gain and loss of cacoethes . If one adds or removes a given amount of rut to an object, its temperature increases or decreases, respectively, in an amount that depends on theheat capacity in an environment specific. At steady state, the rate at which heat (produced thermogenesis ) is balanced by the rate at which heat is profuse to the atmosphere ( thermolysis). If thermolysis imbalance thermogenesis and a change in the rate of heat storage body and consequently a change in the heat content of the body and at body temperature.Thermoregulatory or bodies homeotermos basically maintain constant body temperature in a range of environmental conditions. Moreover, thetermoconformistas or poiquilotermos are organisms whose body temperature varies with the ambient conditions. According to the method of production of heat, organisms are classified in endotherms and ectotherms . The endotherms organisms control body temperature by internal heat production, and usually maintain that temperature above the ambient temperature. Ectoth erms organisms depend, to regulate their body temperature, essentially a heat source (Lyman, 2012).In the case of human body temperature is approximately 37. More precisely, the average temperature in humans is 36.7C, although it can convert from subject to subject, and 95% of subjects have a temperature between 36.3 and 37.1C. On the other hand, the temperature in a subject can vary throughout the day, being a little lower at dawn and 0.5 C high in the evening. During sleep the worst and regulates temperature tends to drop. In women the temperature rises half a horizontal surface in the second half of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation.To maintain this temperature constant, there are multiple mechanisms, but are controlled by the hypothalamus, where the temperature control is centralized. The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating the properties of the internal environment, such as salt concentration or temperature. The hypothalamus works similar to a home thermostat. Whe n the temperature of the house is lower than that at which we set the thermostat, it starts thaw until the temperature is equal to the desired.If the temperature of the house is greater than the set point, the heating stops the temperature drops. The hypothalamus measures the temperature in the hypothalamus itself, there are some neurons in the hypothalamus neighbourhood which are slender to temperature. Besides the hypothalamus receives temperature information elsewhere in the body, especially the skin temperature, and this information will come from sensory nerve fibers sensitive to temperature. The hypothalamus compares the temperature in the hypothalamus and in the skin with the reference value of 37, if the body temperature is greater than 37 puts in place mechanisms to decrease, if you are under 37 makes it rise. When there is a discrepancy between the core temperature in the hypothalamus, and the skin temperature, for example if the temperature is higher than 37C (in) hypot halamus and (in) skin is (will be) less than 37, preferably taking the core temperature.

Essay on Fame in Djerassi’s Cantors Dilemma -- Cantors Dilemma Essay

Dreams of Fame in Djerassis Cantors plight Opportunistic scientists, the most hypocritical deviants of the modern age, revolve around the scientific method, or at to the lowest degree they used to. The scientific method once involved formulating a guessing from a problem posed, experimenting, and forming a evidence that best explained the data collected. further today, those who are willing to critique the work of their peers are themselves performing the scientific method out of sequence. I propose that scientists, or the treasure hunters of that field, are no longer interested in permanent solutions, achieved by correct use of the scientific method, and rather are more interested in solutions that guarantee fame and fortune. Fame and fortune as a motive for scientific denudation is a popular theme in fictional writing, especially in Cantors Dilemma by Carl Djerassi. Cantors Dilemma is a novel of the struggles of two scientists through life and a Nobel Prize campaign. A s one lodgings deeper into the context of the novel, one finds it similar to that of a political race, a deal for glory. For example, the Cantor-Stafford experiment, the first tumorigenesis experiment tested in the novel, was not pass before its findings were published. This example fails to meet the standards of the scientific method because a conclusion was reached before experimentation was fully executed. Surely any true scientist would whop such conclusions to be unsuitable and not Nobel worthy. Yet, Cantor and Stafford, both, won a Nobel Prize for their work. Kurt Krauss in Cantors Dilemma, an opportunistic scientist, is the extreme of scientific deviance. As a fellow scientist and a competitor, Krauss is charged with the duty of ch... ...o not believe my fuck has changed the ways of the scientist at that company. Both in fiction and in substantial life a certain breed of scientists has decided to ignore the scientific method and chase dreams of fame. With that fame, they hope to dig deep into our pockets and reap the benefits of their sorry workmanship. It is most evident from the examples given that these scientists, who have seemingly reversed scientific evolution, no longer care for true science and the scientific method, but rather are interested in personal glory. 1 Carl Djerassi, Cantors Dilemma (New York, New York Penguin Books, 1991), pg. 113. 2 Djerassi, Cantors Dilemma, pg. 113. 3 Abbott laboratories, medical news, (http//www.plsgroup.com/dg/72da.htm), 525 p.m. 9/23/97 4 Cold Fusion multiplication, (Wellesey Hills, MA http//world.std.com), 715 p.m. 9/23/97

The Failure of the Welfare System in France Essay -- The Violence of H

IntroductioThe Algerian state of war of Indep terminalence in 1962 marked the end of Frances colonial regime. Before decolonization, Algeria had been held as the prize of the French empire, matchless of the most beautiful provinces of France. While it is somewhat inaccurate to pose Algeria and France as pick out pronounces throughout the process of colonization and decolonization, for consistency and clarity, Algeria and France will be referred to as separate entities, although for much of the studied time period, Algeria was a breach of France. Algeria and France enjoyed a special relationship, beyond that which France had with its early(a) colonies. This allowed freer migration betwixt Algeria and France, and France fought harder to keep Algeria as a colony than it did with any of its other colonies. It established two separate welfare programs, one track for immigrants from countries other than Algeria and one for Algerians. Throughout this process, Algerians and other Ma ghrebi immigrants were integral to the French industrial force even as in-migration policy changed around them. This paper seeks to unpack the French welfare state and humanistic aid through the lens of housing for Algerian immigrants between the end of World War II and the mid 1970s. Ultimately, I make do that the welfare state in France is founded on flawed perceptions of the other and that humanitarian aid as it stands in France only works to perpetuate inequalities. The inaugural recorded evidence of Algerian immigrants in France dates from 1871, just at the commencement exercise of the second industrial revolution. It was not until just before World War I, though, that any significant migration to France took place. At this time, no migration from Algeria to France was permanent migration, a... ...n France. MERIP Reports No. 34, 1-12.French Court of Auditors. De la SONACOTRA Adoma des drives corriges tardivement in vibrancy public annuel 2013 fvrier 2013. (See attachme nt)France Soundtrack to a Riot http//www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2006/03/france_soundtralinks.html, Accessed 27 April, 2014.Lyons, Amelia. The Civilizing explosive charge in the Metropole Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization. Stanford Stanford University Press, 2013. Mehta, Brinda. Negotiating Arab-Muslim Identity, Contested Citizenship, and sexuality Ideologies in the Parisian Housing Projects Faza Gunes Kiffe Kiffe Demain. interrogation in African Literatures, Vol. 41, No. 2, 173-202.Ticktin, Miriam. Where Ethics and Politics Meet The fierceness of Humanitarianism in France. American Ethnologist, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Feb, 2006), 33-49.